Pain Association between Smartphone Addiction and Neck Pain among Young Students: A Cross Sectional Study

Many smartphones users experience pain in the neck. This pain can be due to flexed neck position .The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between smartphone addiction and neck pain. Methods A total 195 young students were enrolled. The SAS -SV used to divide participants into addicted and non-addicted group both group completed the PRWHE questions to evaluate neck hand pain further analyzed in SPSS software. Result 56% students were smart phone addicts; 66% students reported pain. There was significant correlation between smart phone addiction and neck pain (PRWHE) among young Population.(P=.45) Conclusion : Our study found that prevalence of smart phone addiction among young population is high, furthermore a correlation between heavy smart phone usage and neck pain cause the subclinical effect.


INTRODUCTION
Smartphone has become vital in each individual's life. It has become necessity like other needs, within past few years rate of smartphone users has been increasing widely worldwide. [1] Musculoskeletal disorder is mainly focus on joint that cause effect on muscle and bone also other structures are strained and lead to injury. Musculoskeletal disorder has a large number of problems due to severity or varies according to causes. [2] Mostly Smartphone users complain of uneasiness at least minimum one area i.e upper extremity, upper back or neck is affected. Maximum time spend on smartphone cause continuous stress on muscle, tendons, and tissues which increases load on muscle and induce musculoskeletal symptoms. [3] International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) Majority of smartphone users may experience neck pain.It is agreed that the best position is the sitting position with straight neck and supporting the forearms in addition to holding the mobile phone with both hands and to use both thumbs and needless to say this position should not be maintained for longperiods [4]. Among youngsters especially college students Overuse of smartphone can cause various issues such as concentration and memory problems, physical abnormalities, due to spending more time in Smartphone as they are addicted to smartphone. [5] SAS-SV is a well-validated questionnaire consisting of 10 questions that assess the level of risk on the addiction of smartphones. The SAS-SV showed good reliability and validity for the assessment of smartphone addiction. [6] Constant prolonged posture while using phone and continuous movement of thumb is a risk factors to musculoskeletal disorder. These awkward postures can affect soft tissues (e.g. Strain muscles and ligaments, irritate tendons, compress nerves) leading to musculoskeletal discomfort . [7] Many studies have been conducted to study the correlation between using mobile phones for texting and both, neck and shoulder pain [8]

Need Of Study
There has been enormous increase in the rate of smartphone usage by youth of India in recent years.
Various literatures have reported Smartphone addiction among the young smartphone users, which has led to musculoskeletal pain and dysfunctions in upper extremity among the population. The basic requirement of using a smartphone is met by wrist and hand muscles.
Hence there is a need to closely examine the relationship of smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal symptoms in wrist and thumb region.

Aims
The Aim of this study is to find out the relationship between the neck pain and Smartphone Addiction ii.
To associate neck pain with Smartphone addiction in relation with Gender.

Hypothesis
• Null hypothesis: -There is no association between neck pain and Smartphone addiction in young students.
• Alternate Hypothesis: -There is some association between neck pain and Smartphone addiction in young students.

Study Design
• Type of study: -Cross-sectional study   • There was a statistically highly significant difference seen for the values between the groups (p<0.01) for Pain subscale total with higher values in F • There was a statistically significant difference seen for the values between the groups (p<0.05) for total PRWE with higher values in F • There was a statistically non-significant difference seen for the values between the groups (p>0.05) for SAS-SV,functional subscale ,usual subscale. India approximately 44% of population addict to Smartphone to spend free time where our study has % addicted to Smartphone.

International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR)
• According to previous study by nesma ahmed helmy comparison between gender of Smartphone addiction in relation MSK pain between gender where 62.4% was increase level in female than men. Whereas our study has in female are prone to wrist pain and difficulty in function activities.
• Our results shows that neck pain difficulties were significantly correlated with age group[18-21yrs] gender [female students].
• The neck is usually involved in Smartphone usage. There are many studies that have reported on neck pain and its association with different electronic devices.

Conclusion
Our Study Concluded that Prolonged use of Smartphone results in emerging Smartphone addiction that had cause musculoskeletal discomfort in neck considered as risk factors of repetitive use of Smartphone.
• A Significant association was recorded between the Smartphone addiction scale and PRWHEsubscale Pain part in order to comparison with gender and age groups.
• While female students and age group (18-21yrs) are more prone to Smartphone addicts and wrist pain.
• There was no significant correlation found between the level of Smartphone addiction and gender /age.
• There was no significant correlation found between the PRWHE-subscale function and usual activities with gender/age.

Recommendations for future scope
• The Effect of Smartphone must be further evaluate using more accurate diagnosticmeasurement as Range of motion of wrist/hand to understand its effect on human being inorder to prevent it.
Our study had other multiple weakness such as data about dominance,occupation, size of Limitations: • More population could have been taken to have significant difference in the data obtained.
• Many different areas could have been involved to do the study versatile. As this study is limited to Navi-Mumbai.
• Using SAS-SV has been shown that it is less accurate than the long form of same , though it is valid and reliable for measuring Level of Smartphone addiction