Association Between Parental Alcoholic Addiction and Social Competence of the students: Gender and Locality Difference

Social competence is one of the important aspects of the human life which helps to adjust, cooperate, collaborate, and make effective relationship with others in the society. The development of social competence depends upon various factors starting from the family environment to school, peer relationship, neighbourhood, and society. The interaction between children and positive elements give positive outcomes but if there is interaction between children and negative elements then it is probably possible to get negative outcomes. Parental alcoholic addiction has its own negative effect on their children either directly or indirectly. The children of alcoholic parents may have lower social competence or the consumption of alcohol by parents may be negatively associated with their children's social competence. To address this complicacy the researcher has conducted research along with some objectives to determine the relationship and effect of paternal alcoholic addiction on social competence of the students in-relation to gender and locality. For this study the researcher has used descriptive survey cum correlational method. 120 samples were selected from 6 schools by using of stratified random sampling. Social competence scale was used in this study. Finally, the result shows the significant negative relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students in-relation to gender and locality. Similarly, there is significant effect of parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students in-relation to gender and locality.


INTRODUCTION
It is beyond doubt that family is considered as a primary socialising agency of the children which means the entire family environment like its structural, functional and organisational including the parental behaviour affect the child"s developmental characteristics. So, the existence of positive elements in the family is assumed to have positive effect on the child's psychological behaviour and similarly the existence of negative elements is assumed to have negative effect on the child's behaviour. The way the child learns from their parents by means of c o-habiting within the same premises is primarily affirmed by the social learning theory developed by Albert Bandura. One of the important elements which is very much crucial in present day i.e., alcoholism or alcoholic addiction by parents is having multiple features to effect on the family environment where children are not exception from it. But it is very much important to know whether the social competence of the children is affected by the parental alcoholism or not.
Social competence is the skills of children which help to develop social, emotional, cognitive and behavioural aspect of the children for successful adjustment in the society and family environment plays a crucial role in the development of this quality within the children (Tamara et.al 2016). Multiple research projects have been conducted on the parental alcoholism and student' behaviour likepsychological behaviour, economical behaviour physiological behaviour and social behaviour (Eiden etal., 2009;Bennett etal., 1988;Hussong etal., 2005). According to National institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, alcoholic addiction by parents create problem in the family like destroy marriage, become cause of fighting, affect health and happiness, Domestic violence, unplanned pregnancy, financial instability, stress, divorce and Others. Due to alcoholic addiction by parents the children are also severely affected. According to American academy of child and adolescent psychiatry (AACAP) the children of alcoholic parents are failed in classes, became truant, engage in risky behaviour, be unable to make or bond with friends, become violent or aggressive, manifest physical illness and suffer depression even suicidal thought. It is found that when parents are addicted, they abuse their child, use slang language, create violence in the family which affect the various developmental aspects of the children. One of the major developmental characteristics of the children is social competence which one is greatly affected by the parents" behaviour especially parental alcoholism (Hussong etal., 2005).
Social competence is one of the major predictors of future development of the children like-mental health, education, employment and substance use (Jones etal., 2015). Research showsthat the children of alcoholic parents experience negative consequence which would become a cause of anxiety, depression, anti-social behaviour, relationship difficulties, behavioural problem, and alcohol abuse (Jogdand& Naik,2014; Suddhu etal.,2016; Christensen& Bilenberg,2000).
Although a number of researches have been conducted regarding the matter of alcoholic addiction and its associate problems in India and abroad still there is no such type of research conducted in our Odisha especially in Western Odisha for which the researcher has decided to conduct the present research in Western Odisha.

Objectives of the study:
1. To find out the level of social competency of students from alcoholic and non-alcoholic parents. 2. To study the relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competency of their children. 3. To study the relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competency of their children in terms of gender 4. To study the relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competency of their children in terms of locality 5. To study the effect of parental alcoholic addiction on social competence of their children. 6. To study the effect of paternal alcoholic addiction on social competence of their children at school stage in-relation to gender 7. To study the effect of paternal alcoholic addiction on social competence of their children at school stage in-relation to locality Volume 4, Issue 6, November-December 2022 3

Hypotheses of the study:
H 0 1: There is no significant relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students H 0 2: There is no significant relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students in-relation to gender H 0 3:There is no significant relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students in-relation to locality.
H 0 4: There is no significant effect of parental alcoholic addiction on social competence of the students H 0 5:There is no significant effect of parental alcoholic addiction on social competence of the students in terms of gender H 0 6: There is no significant effect of parental alcoholic addiction on social competence of the students in terms of locality

Method:
The present study is quantitative in nature for which the researcher has decided to use Descriptive Survey cum Correlational design method.

Sample and sampling technique:
The researcher in the first phase has selected 6 secondary schools among which 3 from rural and 3 from urban by using of stratified sampling. In the 2 nd phase after selecting the schools the investigator has selected 120 sample by using of purposive sampling form the 9 th class.

Tools used:
The researcher has used standardised social competence scale developed by Dr. V. P. Sharma, Dr. Prabha Shukla, and Dr. Kiran Shukla which measures 5 dimensions like -Pro-social attitude, social competition, social leadership, social tolerance and social maturity. The test-retest reliability of the test is 0.56 and the coefficient of reliability is 0.67.

Statistical techniques used:
In-order to analyse and interpret the collected data the researcher has used graph, table, Mean, Standard deviation, point bi-serial correlation and t-test

Results
Objective-1: To study the level of competence of students from both alcoholic and non-alcoholic parents. Graph-1 Alcoholic 120 -0.42 Non-alcoholic Form the above tableit is evident that the correlation between parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students is -0.42 which is negative (Marked or substantial) and significant at 0.01 level with df 118. So, the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students is rejected. It reveals that parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students is negatively correlated and significant. boys and girls respectively which is negative and significant at 0.01 level. So, the null hypothesis is rejected. It means there is significant negative relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students in-relation to their gender.

Objective-3. To study the relationship between paternal alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students in-relation to gender.
Objective-4. To study the relationship between paternal alcoholic addiction and social competence of their children at school stage in-relation to locality. On the basis of the above table, it is evident that the correlation between parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students in-relation to locality is -0.37 and -0.48 for urban and rural respectively which is negative and significant at 0.01. So, the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of thestudents in-relation to locality is rejected.
Objective-5 To study the effect of paternal alcoholic addiction on social competence of their children at school stage. From the above table, it is inferred that the mean score of children of alcoholic parents is 91 and nonalcoholic father is 98.88. It means, the mean score of children of non-alcoholic parents is greater than the mean of children of alcoholic parents.For drawing conclusion, the investigator has used t-test and found the t-value is 5.09 which is greater than the tabulated value at 0.01 level of significance. So, the null hypothesis is rejected at 0.01 level of significance. In this regard we can say that there is significant effect of parental alcoholic addiction on social competence of the students.
Objective-6. To study the effect of paternal alcoholic addiction on social competence of their children at school stage in-relation to gender From the above table 1.11.15 it is observed that, the mean score of social competence among boys of alcoholic and non-alcoholic group is 91.03 and 99.87 respectively. Similarly, the mean score of social competence among girls of alcoholic and non-alcoholic group is 90.97 and 97.9 respectively. The table also reveals that the mean score of boys of alcoholic father in-terms of their social competence is less than the mean of boys of non-alcoholic father. Like-wise the mean score of girls of alcoholic father is lower than the mean score of girls of non-alcoholic father.
To draw the inference regarding the above objective the investigator has used t-test and found the score of t is 3.9 and 3.5 for boys and girls respectively which is significant at 0.01.So, the null hypothesis is rejected at 0.01 for both boys and girls. It can be said that "There is significant effect of parental alcoholic addiction on social competence of the students in-relation to gender." The above table shows that the mean, standard deviation and t-value of social competence of alcoholic and non-alcoholic group in-relation to the locality. The mean score of social competence among the urban students of alcoholic and non-alcoholic group is 91.83 and 98.87 respectively. Similarly, the mean of social competence among the rural students of alcoholic and non-alcoholic group is 90.17 and 98.8. The figure describes that the mean score of urban students of alcoholic parents is less than the mean score of urban students of non-alcoholic parents. Like-wise the mean score of rural students of alcoholic parents is less than the mean score of non-alcoholic parents in same area.After testing the hypothesis, it is found that the t-value is 3.07 and 4.16 for urban and rural students respectively which is greater than the tabulated value. So, the null hypothesis is rejected at 0.01 level of significance for both rural and urban area of students. It means "There is significant effect of parental alcoholic addiction on social competence of the students in-relation to locality."

CONCLUSION
In the present study the research showed the negative relationship between parental alcoholic addiction and social competence of the students and has significant effect on social competence of the students.