Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Tablet from Insulin Plant (Costus Igneus)

: In this research article we prepare tablet formulation of Costus igneus plant i.e., Insulin plant by its ethanolic leaves extract and mixing with suitable excipients. Extract was prepared by collecting Costus igneus plant leaves and go for shade drying for 4-7 days, after drying its crushed by mill to form powder and taken for extraction. After extraction we prepare powder for taking different chemical qualitative test and laboratory flow properties such as; (Angle of repose, Loose bulk density, Tapped bulk density , Compressibility index) and after checking flow properties and then punch tablet by direct compression method we take two forms of tablet formula changes in main API one is extract and other is only powder and go for evaluation study such as; ( Color ,Weight variation Test ,Hardness, Friability, Disintegration Time, Thickness)

It is a perennial, upright, spreading plant about two feet tall, with the tallest stems falling over and two-faced on the ground. Leaves are simple, alternate, entire, oblong, evergreen, 4-8 inch in length with parallel venation. The large, smooth, dark green leave of this tropical evergreen have light purple undersides and are spirally arranged around stem, forming attractive, arching clump arising from underground rootstock. Beautiful, 1.5-inch diameter, orange flowers are produced in the warm month, appearing on cone-like heads at the tips of branches. [1] Fruits are inconspicuous, not showy, less than 0.5 inch, and green-colored [ Figure 1].  Then it made into powder using a mechanical grinder, and passed through a 20-mesh sieve to have homogenous size, and were weighed separately. The powdered samples (10 g) were separated and extracted with ethanol using a Soxhlet apparatus as illustrated in Fig. 2. The extraction was carried out for 8 h at a room temperature of 30 °C. The extract were filtered and concentrated using a rotary evaporator at 70 °C and then used for further analysis.

Fig no.2 extraction by Soxhlet apparatus 2. Extraction of plant material by maceration :
Costus igneus were collected, washed thoroughly in tap water and dried in room temperature for 15-30 days.
The dried leaves were powdered and 20 g leaf powder soaked in 200 ml of Petroleum ether for 3 days. The extracts were filtered through Whatman No.1 filter paper.
Similar process was repeated twice with fresh solvent and the filtrate was collected together. Similar procedure were followed for other solvents like Dichloromethane, hexane and benzene. The extract was stored at the refrigerator for further studies.

9.
Test for steroids Two ml of acetic anhydride was added to a 0.5 g methanolic extract of each sample with 2 ml sulphuric acid. The change of color from violet to blue or green in samples indicates the presence of steroids. -

Fig no.4: Qualitative chemical test for Costus igneus plant
➢ Evaluation of parameters • Preformulation studies 1. Angle of repose By using funnel method, angle of repose was determined. In a funnel ,the accurately weighed blend was taken. The funnel height was set agreed in a manner that the funnel tip just touches the "apex of the heap" or "head of blend". Through the funnel "the drug excipient blend" was allowed to flow freely on to the surface. Table 6 shows the relationship between Angle of Repose and Powder Flow. The diameter of the powder cone and angle of repose were calculated by using the following equation -

Tan θ = h/r
Where h = height of powder cone formed ,r = radius of the powder cone formed

Angle of Repose (θ) Type of flow 25
Excellent

Compressibility index
The Compressibility index of the blends was determined by Carr's compressibility index. Table 7 shows grading of powders for their flow properties

33-38
Very poor <40 Very Very poor Preformulation parameters were determined for the Pharmaceutical dosage form was depicted in Table 8 ➢ Formulation of antidiabetic tablet In the present study dried powder of ethanolic extract of Costus igneus leves &its powder was formulated into tablet dosage form in two types by direct compression method. Formulation has the following composition and two formulas A & B resp. • Physical evaluation of Tablets All the formulated tablet were subjected to following evaluation parameter:

Colour and appearance
For the colour and appearance -"the compressed tablets were examined". White

Weight variation test
By casually selecting and weighing 20 tablets, "the average weight was determined". Individually, each tablet was also weighed. In each case "deviation from the average weight was calculated and expressed as percentage. Not more than two of the tablets from the "sample size" deviate from the average weight by a "greater percentage" and none of the tablets deviate by more than "double that percentage".

Hardness and Friability test
By using calibrated hardness tester (Monsanto) and Roche friabilitor (4 min at 25 rpm) tests respectively, hardness and friability were tested for the tablets. Formula A give hardness about 11-12.5 kg And formula B gives hardness about 11 kg

Disintegration test for tablets
Glass of plastic tube [80-100 mm] long with an internal diameter [28 mm] and external diameter [30-31 mm] fitted at the lower end with a disc of rust proof wire gauge. Six tablets were placed in the tube, the tube was raised and lowered in such a manner that the complete up and down movement was repeated [28 to 32] per min. The tablets were disintegrated when no particle remains above the gauge, which readily pass through mesh (10 mesh screen).

Conclusion
In this research article we prepare antidiabetic tablet and give its Preformulation and evaluation study , we formulate tablet by two formulas some minor change in our API And we determine different properties and give results and we conclude that in Preformulation study Costus igneus plant leaves powder has slightly good flow property, Formula A have high disintegration value than formula B also hardness and other properties.