Analysis And Design of Earthquake Resisting Building with Shear Walls by Using ETAB Software

The present study shows the seismic behavior of buildings under the action of earthquake load by performing Non-linear Static analysis. Nowadays buildings with shear walls are more popular than buildings without shear walls in earthquake-prone areas due to their resistance during earthquakes. So, the purpose of this study is to find the prime location of the shear wall and then investigate the effectiveness of the best shear wall for the RCC structure. In this study, G+13 & G+5 RCC building is considered for the analysis under zone I to zone IV with suitable load combination. The structure is analyzed for earthquakes in the type of structural system using ETABS software. The shear wall starts from the foundation level and should be continuous throughout the building


Introduction
. A shear wall is a rigid vertical diaphragm capable of transferring lateral forces from exterior walls, floors, and roofs to the ground foundation in a direction parallel to their planes. When shear walls are designed and constructed properly, they will have the strength and stiffness to resist horizontal forces. Shear walls are especially important in high-rise buildings subject to lateral wind and seismic forces. In the present study, various kinds of research were discussed on the performance of shear walls based on their location, orientation and materials used for construction. Shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force-resisting system; they can resist forces directed along the length of the wall. Once shear walls are designed and constructed properly, they will have the strength and stiffness to resist horizontal forces. It is well known to civil and structural engineering systems that the key purpose of all kinds of structural systems used in building structures or any infrastructure is to support gravity loads, the most common loads resulting from the effect of gravity are dead load, imposed live load and climatic snow load. Besides these loads, buildings and any other high-rise structures are also subjected to lateral loads caused by wind; blasting or earthquake and hydrostatic load. Lateral loads can develop high stresses, produce sway movement or cause vibration. Therefore, the structure needs to have sufficient strength against vertical loads together with adequate stiffness to resist lateral forces. Shear resists mainly two types of forces such as shear and uplift forces. In structural engineering, a shear wall is a structural system composed of braced panels (also known as shear panels) to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure. Wind and seismic loads are the most common loads that shear walls are designed to carry. Vibrations, which are caused under the earth's surface, generate waves, which disturb the earth's surface, termed earthquakes. It was said that earthquakes would not kill humans but structures, which are not constructed without considering the earthquake forces do. Shear walls are built to resist the lateral forces produced during earthquakes or wind. Shear wall behaviour depends upon the material used, wall thickness, wall length, and wall positioning in the building frame. Recently, significant figures of highrise buildings have reinforced concrete structural systems. It is a fact that shear walls have high lateral resistance. In a shear wall-frame system, this advantage can be used by placing shear walls at convenient locations in the plan of the building. Shear walls are vertical elements of the structure to resist horizontal force. Shear walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure. Shear walls are straight external walls that typically form a box in residential construction which provides all the lateral support. When shear walls are designed and constructed properly, they will have the strength and stiffness to resist horizontal forces. The uneven settlement loads, due to the weight of structure and occupants; create powerful twisting (torsion) forces because of lateral forces of wind and earthquake. These forces can exactly tear (shear) a building apart. Placing of reinforcement frame in a rigid wall maintains the shape of the frame and prevents rotation at the joints. Shear walls are important in tall buildings subjected to lateral wind and seismic forces in the previous two decades, shear walls became an important part of mid and high-rise residential buildings. Being a part of earthquake-resistant building design, Shear wall buildings are commonly used for residential purposes and can house from 100 to 500 inhabitants per building. Hear walls are placed in building plans reducing lateral displacements under earthquake loads.

What is a Shear Wall?
A shear wall is a structural member in a reinforced concrete framed structure to resist lateral forces such as wind forces. Shear walls are generally used in high-rise buildings subject to lateral wind and seismic forces. In reinforced concrete framed structures, the effects of wind forces increase in significance as the structure increases in height. Codes of practice impose limits on horizontal movement or sway.

Limits must be imposed on a lateral deflection to prevent:
 Limitations on the use of a building,  Adverse effects on the behaviour of non-load-bearing elements,  Degradation in the appearance of the building,  Discomfort for the occupants.

Methodology
The main aim of this paper is to find an effective location of the shear wall either the inner or outer periphery of the building in the G+13 RC building Structure. And also, a comparative study on the Seismic behaviour of building with shear walls and without shear walls. The following analysis is carried out as per IS: 1893-2016(Part-I) for G+13 storied building models. For this analysis, Seismic zone-I, zone-II, zone-III and IV are considered. According to IS: 1893-2016 (Part-I) Zone Factor, Z1=0.1, Z2=016, Z3=0.24, Z4=0.36 Importance factor, I=1.5, Response reduction factor, R=5.00, are applied during analysis. Performance is analysed by performing Dynamic Nonlinear Time history analysis Method The analysis is carried out using ETABS software. To find parameters like lateral displacement in the x and y direction. in these, we have considered the high-rise building (G+13) for all four zones to see the effect of the earthquake on the building.   Comparison of All Location of Shear walls for Story Drift For X-Dir X-Dir G+13 X-Dir G+5 X-Dir G+13 X-Dir G+5 X-Dir G+13 X-Dir G+5 X-Dir G+13 X-Dir G+5 X-Dir G+13 X-Dir G+5

CONCLUSIONS
In this studythe shear wall shape at different positions for the different zone for the low-rise building i.e. G+5 and high-rise building i.e. G+13. When providing the Shear walls at the Centre. it has been seen that it has story displacement, story drift and story share less than the other shape of the shear wall for low-rise and high-rise buildings. after Analysis it is found that, the building for the L-shape shear wall and without a shear wall for the low-rise and high-rise buildings. it has more story displacement, story drift and story shear than the other shape of shear walls. Centre phase and L-shape at cornerhave more story displacement, story drift and story share than the other shape of shear walls for different zones.
After we analyzed the I-shape of the shear wall provided at the corner of the building. We have seen that it has more story displacement, story drift and story than the Centre shapes of the shear walls. L-shape shear walls and the without shear walls it has more Story displacement, story drift and story shear than the other shape of shear walls. We concluded that if the shear walls are provided at the center of the walls it holds like a clamp and there are fewer chances of collapsing the building in the earthquake zones also there is no mere effect on the building. Based on Non-linear analysis, it can be observed that the center phase shear wall showed better performance in terms of reduction of displacement, with the reduction of displacement in the shear wall model overall of 52% as compared to the building without the shear wall. Results show that displacement both in X & Y directions is considerably reduced by using shear walls. The maximum story drift in most of the cases produced is found on the seventh floor. In all building models (Non-linear analysis), it has been found that large c/s area of shear walls concerning the total length of the structure shows lesser displacement as compared to the other models. Without shear walls gives less performance as compared to other models. Providing shear walls at buildings that coincide with CG locations substantially reduces the displacements in earthquakes. The presence of a shear wall can affect the seismic behavior of the frame structure to a large extent, and the shear wall increases the strength and stiffness of the structure. It has been found that the model of the Centre phase, when the shear wall is provided at the corner of the building is the better location of the shear wall. The concentration of stresses in shear walls increases. It follows that a centerphase Shear wall should be provided. Shear walls are more effective when located along the exterior perimeter of the building. Such a layout increases the resistance of the building to torsion. Based on the analysis and discussion, a shear wall is very much suitable for resisting earthquake-induced lateral forces in multistoried structural systems when compared to multistore structural systems without shear walls. The vertical reinforcement that is uniformly distributed in the shear wall shall not be less than the horizontal Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2023 13 reinforcement. Shear walls must provide the necessary lateral strength to resist horizontal earthquake forces.