A Comparative Study on Women’s Quality of Life Among High School Girls and College Girls

Adolescence is the time of transition from childhood dependence to early adulthood freedom and responsibility. The general well-being of people and society is known as quality of life (QOL), which describes both the bad and positive aspects of existence. It tracks various factors that affect life happiness, such as physical health, family, education, employment, wealth, religious convictions, finances, and the environment. The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state. The sample of study included 30 respondents were school girls and 30 respondents were college girls from Hisar district, thus total sample comprised of 60 respondents. Women’s Quality of Life questionnaire developed by Gehlert et al. (2006) was used to assess the quality of life of high school girls and college girls. The results of study revealed that most of respondents had moderate level of women’s quality of life. There were significant differences in women’s quality of life among high school girls and college girls. High school girls had significantly greater women’s quality of life as compared to college girls.


Introduction
The concept of quality of life is frequently used. The general public, as well as governments and local, national, and international organisations, use it. The idea of quality of life basically refers to how a person evaluates the goodness of multiple areas of their existence. The subjective assessment of happiness is one of the most well-liked global indicators of quality of life. The general well-being of people and society is known as quality of life (QOL), which describes both the bad and positive aspects of existence. It tracks various factors that affect life happiness, such as physical health, family, education, employment, wealth, religious convictions, finances, and the environment. It is a wide-ranging notion that intricately considers a person's physical and mental well-being, level of independence, social connections, and religious convictions, as well as their interactions with key environmental elements. (Barcaccia, 2013). A woman's quality of life is the happiness and fulfilment she experiences as a result of the role she plays. Its importance to a woman's life is undeniable. (Anand and Sharma, 2019). The health and happiness of every member of the family is affected by the many responsibilities that women perform in the family. The ability of women to care for their families and earn a living at the same time may clash, which could have significant effects on the welfare of children.
Objectives of the study: • Assessing the women's quality of life among high school girls and college girls • Finding the differences in women's quality of life among high school girls and college girls Hypotheses of the study: • There is moderate level of women's quality of life among high school girls and college girls • There are significant differences in women's quality of life among high school girls and college girls

Methodology Participants
Descriptive survey method was used for data collection. Sample for the present investigation, 30 high school girls were randomly taken from one school of Hisar district and 30 college girls were selected from I.C. college of home science of Hisar district. Thus, a total sample comprised of 60 girls.

Instruments
Women's Quality of Life questionnaire developed by Gehlert et al. (2006) was used to assess the quality of life of high school girls and college girls. It included 40 items having two response alternatives of each item.

Procedure of data Collection:
For data collection, school principal was approached personally to take response of the girl students, after explaining the aim of the study. Then a list of girl students was prepared from high school and college. The measurement tool was executed upon selected girl students by face to face contact. Statistical analysis of the data To draw the inferences as per different objectives data analyzed using appropriate statistical tests i.e., frequency and percentage, means, standard deviations and z test. Table 1 illuminated the level of women's quality of life among high school girls and college girls. It can be seen from Table 1 that more than half of students (56.7%) had moderate level of physical health followed by low (23.3%), and high (20.0%) level of physical health in 14-17 years old age group. In 18-21 years, old age group similar results depicted that majority (70.0%) of girl students had moderate level of physical health followed by low (16.7%) and high (13.3%) level of physical health. It was clear from the results that most of (63.4%) 14-17 years of respondents had moderate level of mental health, followed by low (20.0%), and high (16.6%) level of mental health. Further, results indicated that half of respondents had moderate level of mental health followed by high (26.7%), and low (23.3%) level of mental health in 18-21years old age group. Findings of investigation showed that 14-17 years of respondents had moderate (46.7%) level of social health followed by high (36.6%) and low (16.7%) level of social health. It is evinced that most (63.3%) of respondents had moderate level of social health, 23.3 of per cent girl students had high and 13.3 per cent had low level of social health in the age group of 18-21 years old. In the age group of 14-17 years old, results further exposed that forty percent of respondents had high level of spiritual health, another forty per cent respondents had moderate and twenty per cent had low level of spiritual health. In the age group of 18-21 years old, results portrayed that more than half (53.3%) of respondents had moderate level of spiritual health, 33.4 per cent of respondents had high and 13.3 per cent had low level of spiritual health. Results of 14-17 years of respondents were revealed as 63.4 per cent perceived moderate level of overall women's quality of life followed by low (20.0%) and high (16.6%). In the age group of 18-21 years old, results depicted that more than half (56.7%) of respondents had moderate level of overall women's quality of life, 26.7 per cent of respondents had high and 16.6 per cent had low level of overall women's quality of life.  Table 2 illustrated that there were significant differences in women's quality of life of respondents on the basis of ordinal positions, (F=3.35*), p<0.05. Women's quality of life of first-born students was significantly greater (Mean=2.08) as compared to second born (Mean=2.00) and third or later born (Mean=1.98). It was also observed that there were no significant differences in women's quality of life on the basis of number of siblings. It was apparent from results that there were significant differences in women's quality of life of respondents on basis of type of mobile phone used by them, (z= 3.96*), p<0.05. Respondents who were using Smartphone had significantly greater women's quality of life (Mean=2.35) as compared to respondents who were using keypad mobile phones. Further data displayed that there were significant differences in women's quality of life on the basis of their time spent on mobile, (F=3.22*), p<0.05. Respondents who spent time on mobile for 3-4 hours in day had significantly greater women's quality of life (Mean 2.15) as compared to 1-2 hours (Mean=2.09) and more than 4 hours in day (Mean= 2.05) spent on mobile phone.  Table 3 disclosed that there were no significant differences in women's quality of life on the basis of caste, (F=3.00), p>0.05. Results showed that there were significant differences in women's quality of life of respondents from nuclear and joint families, (Z=2.64*), p<0.05. Respondents belonged to joint family (Mean= 2.24) had significantly greater women's quality of life as compared to respondents belonged to nuclear family. Further probing of data indicated that there were significant differences in women's quality of life on the basis of their family size, (F=3.43*), p<0.05. It was demonstrated that students from medium size families (Mean=2.21) had significantly higher women's quality of life as compared to large (Mean=2.13) and small (Mean=2.05) sized families. It was evinced from the data that there was significant difference in women's quality of life of respondents on the basis of their paternal education, (F=4.22*), p<0.05. Students whose father educated up to high to senior secondary (Mean=2.20) had significantly higher level of women's quality of life as compared to graduate to post-graduate level (Mean=2.10), primary-middle (Mean=2.04) and illiterate (Mean=1.96). Results portrayed that significant differences were observed in women's quality of life of respondents on the basis of their maternal education, (F=3.24), p<0.05. It can be interpreted that students whose mothers educated up to graduate to post-graduate level (Mean=3.09) had significantly higher women's quality of life as compared to high to senior secondary (Mean=2.14), primary-middle (Mean=2.12) and illiterate (Mean=1.94). Further, Results revealed that there were significant differences in women's quality of life of respondents on the basis of their paternal occupation, (F= 4.54*), p<0.05. It was observed that respondents whose father engaged in service (Mean=2.21) had significantly higher women's quality of life as compared to respondent whose father were farmer (Mean=2.15), engaged in self-employment (Mean=2.03) and whose father were laborer (Mean=1.98). Further, data elaborated that significant differences were observed in women's quality of life of respondents on the basis of their maternal occupation, (F= 3.17*), p<0.05. It was represented that respondents whose mothers were home-maker (Mean=2.21) had significantly higher women's quality of life than whose mothers were laborer (Mean=2.10), self-employed (Mean=2.07) and whose mothers were in service (Mean=2.06). Results illustrated that there were no significant differences in women's quality of life on the basis of paternal age, (F=0.43), p>0.05 and maternal age, (F=1.38), p>0.05. As presented in Table 3, no significant differences were observed in women's quality of life of respondents on the basis of their family income, (F=1.98), p>0.05.

Comparison of mean scores of women's quality of life among high school girls and college girls
Independent sample z-test was used to examine whether there existed differences in women's quality of life among high schoolgirls and college girls. As presented in Table 4, that there were significant differences in women's quality of life among high school girls and college girls, (z= 3.27*), p<0.05. High

Conclusion
It can be concluded that most of respondents had moderate level of women's quality of life. There were significant differences in women's quality of life among high school girls and college girls. High school girls had significantly greater women's quality of life as compared to college girls.