Implementation of FATEK PLC Based Three Floor Elevator System

: The implementation of a low-cost FATEK PLC-based three-floor lift system is described in this study. Elevator systems are critical for vertical mobility in buildings, and their control methods have been revolutionized by the use of programmable logic controllers (PLCs). To control the motion of the lift, we use a DC geared motor. In this example, push buttons are used to direct the elevator to the desired floor. In this scenario, ladder diagram programming was utilized. Because the PLC is easy to programme .


Introduction
Elevators allow for quick and easy vertical transportation of people and products in today's structures. Improvements in safety, reliability, and performance have resulted from the widespread adoption of sophisticated control systems, such as those based on programmable logic controllers (PLCs), in the lift industry. Highlighting its significance and benefits, this paper introduces the FATEK PLC-based three-floor lift system. The goal of this paper is to provide a high-level summary of the process by which a FATEK PLC-based control system for a three-floor elevator was put into action.
The PLC replaces more antiquated relay-based control methods as the primary controller for the lift. It has many benefits, including being adaptable to changing needs, scalable to accommodate growth, and simple to modify and programme. The elevator's performance and efficiency can be fine-tuned to meet individual needs with the help of a programmable logic controller (PLC).
The chosen FATEK PLC model must be able to process the lift control logic, receive inputs and outputs, and communicate with sensors and actuators. To fully comprehend the system's setup, we will examine its hardware configuration, which includes the cabling and connections between the FATEK PLC and various components.
Using a sensor-based check system, the author suggests, lifts may be made "intelligent" and more efficient, cutting down on trip time and energy use. If the lift reaches a floor in response to a hall call request and its load capacity is about to be exceeded, it will go on to the following order without stopping. When the lift doors are closed and it is determined that the cabin is empty, the lights in the cabin will switch off. Ladder logic for PLC has been used in our simulations to help us perfect our intelligent lift design. [1]. If the lift car is already full, it will not open for hall calls.
Therefore, in such instances, overriding the instruction might save a lot of time, which is especially important in high-rise structures like offices and hospitals [2]. Author describes the operation of a lift that uses an AC motor to drive the lift cabin. The lift indicated here is completely mechanized with PLC. Its control is based on the information provided by the operator as well as the sensors. PLC will cause the drive motor and door motor to act in accordance with that signal [3].

Figure 1 Block Diagram of PLC based three floor elevators System
The above block diagram consists of various components. NO push button is used for System Start and NC Push Button is used for System Stop. Along with for each floor three NO push buttons are used to call the lift to particular floor. Limit switch is used for floor detection .Presence of elevator to particular floor is indicated by floor indicator lamp. In this system I am using a small wooden box in place of original lift. Two rod which helps the lift to up & down smoothly and balanced a pulley & rope system. A D.C. motor, driving the pulley to make the lift up & down. The whole system is operating on 24V DC Power supply which is given from 24V SMPS.  Figure 3 Push Button A push button switch is one that operates with the pressure of one or two fingers. Push button switches are used in a wide variety of machinery and devices, from cars to cameras to lifts and beyond. The switch's outward structure reveals its inner workings for the most part. The red protrusion is the switch's actuator. The actuator protrudes from the bottom of the switch as a skinny cylinder. The two metal contact legs that remain stationary at the base are also notable additions. To facilitate installation, a hip design is included. Polymer polymers are commonly used for the outer body of push button switches, which come in a variety of forms, sizes, and output terminal configurations. Figure 4 Limit Switch In mechanical systems, a limit switch is a switch that is activated by the movement of a part or the presence of an item. They are employed as part of a control system, as safety interlocks, and for counting how many things pass a certain point. An actuator is connected mechanically to a group of contacts in an electromechanical device known as a limit switch. The actuator is a device that, upon contact, activates the contacts to either form or break an electrical connection.

Limit Switch
Because of their durability, simplicity of installation, and dependability of functioning, limit switches find employment in many different contexts and settings. They can detect whether something is there or not, when it has passed, where it is located, and when its journey has come to a conclusion. The term "Limit Switch" originates from their original function in establishing a boundary for an object's permitted range of motion. A roller-lever operated limit switch that is mounted on a canal lock gate to report the gate's position to the control system.

DC Geared Motor
Figure 5 DC Geared Motor Geared motors are typically just a standard DC motor with a gearbox attached. All-terrain robots and other robotic uses can benefit from this. Connecting these motors to the wheels or any other mechanical assembly is a breeze thanks to the 3 mm drilled drill hole located in the center of the shaft.
Geared motors that turn at 30 RPM and run on 12V DC are frequently used in robots. Simple to operate and the standard size is readily available. Motor control using an Arduino or similar device is also rather inexpensive. This motor, with a voltage between 5 and 35V DC. The shaft has both an external nut and threads, making it simple to attach to the wheel the shaft has both an external nut and threads, making it simple to attach to the wheel.

Winproladder Software
The above system programing, Win Pro ladder logic software is used.
[4] The ladder logic programming language is used .It is shown in figure 8

Authors' Biography
The author Mr. S. R. Kale has competed BE form Pune University in 2007. ME completed from BAMU University. Presently working as Assistant Professor in PREC Loni. I have 12 years of teaching Experience and 2 years of Industry Experience in the field of Automation .

Conclusion and Future Scope
Finally, a PLC-based control system for a three-floor lift has many benefits in terms of security, dependability, and productivity. For precise control and monitoring of lift operations, a programmable logic controller offers a versatile and adaptable solution. In future, The lift system will be modified for precise floor identification, efficient door operations and prevents overloading by including various sensors, such as position sensors, door status sensors and weight load sensors, thereby improving passenger safety and comfort.