Study of Academic Achievement of Students in Relation to Working Status of Mothers

: A sample of 500 students 250 students of working mothers and 250 students of non-working mothers was selected. For this study, marks of 12th class of students were taken for academic achievement. Various statistical techniques were employed to interpret the data. The results of this study revealed that the students of working mothers do not differ significantly from students of non-working mothers.


Introduction:
The family is one of the primary groups of society concerned with face to face relationship. All the basic needs of the child as well as many attitudes towards himself and his associates are initiated which determine his later adjustment to school and other out of home situations. The economic status, attitudes and behavioural experiences of parents and family environment all influence the child's behaviour and attitudes, both directly and indirectly .In a family the role of the mother is the development of the child is very vital, (Ansari,1999).Mother is the first teacher of child. She is the dynamic force in the life of a child and influences his/her physical, intellectual, emotional, social and moral development. Role of mother is no longer confined to four walls of the house. Today they are occupying responsible positions in society, (Kataria,2014).She acts as a role model and the way in which she is perceived by the child determines many of the behavioural choices of the child will make later. In today's scenario all types of women work whether they are rich or poor, literate or illiterate. Mother's employment and her long time absence at home has been proposed as one of the effective factor in child's mental health (Robert, 2002). Non-working women's stay most of the time at home; have lots of leisure time, which they can spend with their children and other members of the family.
Mother's role is extremely crucial in the lives of children especially at the adolescence period because it is the most sensitive and crucial period of life. In this stage children need more guidance. Adolescence is a period of stress and strain. It is the time when adolescents need love and care especially from mother .They need trustworthy with whom they can share problems. Academic achievement has been considered as an important factor in life. At the time of admission, for entrance in job, few scholarship for further studies academic achievement is the only criterion. So, mother's role in academic achievement of students cannot be denied. In dual earner families both parents are busy and they have less spare time to spend with their children. Sometimes students can done their all task without the involvement of parents. Hence, the study will focus on how for the presence of absence or presence of mother at home determines the development of child with regard to academic achievement.

Review of Related Literature:
Singh (2018) conducted the present study in an attempt to identify the role of working and non-working mothers on the academic achievement and adjustment of their children. Data was collected by random sampling technique from 187 students (95boys and 92 girls) of private and public secondary schools.
The tools used to measure the variable under study were A.K.P. Sinha and R.P Singh was administered to the selected students and academic percentage marks obtained in class 10 were taken for this study. The data was analyzed by various statistical techniques, it was found that the academic achievement of male and female students of working and non -working mothers did not differ significantly. Significant difference was observed in the educational adjustment.
Musad (2019) explored the impact of academic performance of adolescent student's. The role of parenting styles and socio-demographic factors. A total of 456 students were interviewed ,with 249 males and 207 females. The majority were students of grade 8 . The result of this study revealed that father's education and father's care scores have a significant influence on the performance.
Anu (2021) investigated the social challenges of adolescents in Secondary school in Ghana. Data was collected from 376 students. The data was analyzed by using mean,t test and multiple regression. Result of this study revealed that the most prevailing social challenges. Student's experience are of feeling of rejection by friends, fear or concern about the future of and not being attracted to opposite sex. Moreover, the study revealed that students prefer seeking help from teachers and parents rather than school counselors.

Justification of the problem:
Students face different problems during different stages of growth and development. Adolescent is a period of stress and strain. Teachers and parents who are actively engaged in proper rearing up their children's achievement in all areas. School and family environment are some of the important factors to understand the problem. These problems may arise due to inadequate attention of parents .Mother is the first teacher of the child, but it is felt that the Mother's of present time are building their career by working outside the home. Mother's employment can bring various positive and negative consequences for adolescents too. In one hand adolescents of working mothers may acquire more maturity and authority as compared to non working mothers. Various researches have shown that some working mothers did not spend their time with children's .Thus poor mother child relation may end to various problems in the life of children and they show lack of interest in studies. So, this paper highlights on the academic achievements of working and nonworking mothers.

Objectives of the study:
1.To study the difference in academic achievement of students of working and non working mothers. 2. To study the difference in academic achievement of boys and girls of working mothers. 3. To study the academic achievement of boys and girls of non -working mothers.

Hypotheses:
1. There exists no significant difference in the academic achievement of students of working and nonworking mothers.
2. There exists no significant difference in the academic achievement of boys and girls of working mothers.
3. There exists no significant difference in academic achievement of boys and girls of non-working mothers.

Methodology:
In the present study descriptive survey method was employed in order to know academic achievement of adolescents of Amritsar district of Punjab. In order to know the significant difference between the Mean scores of adolescents of working and non-working mothers, the statistical techniques Mean, S.D. and t-ratio were employed.

Sample of the study:
The sample of the present study was consisted of 400 (200 from each working and non -working mothers) school going adolescents of Amritsar District of Punjab. The sample was employing random sampling technique.

Data Collection: For data collection percentage of marks obtained in class 12 was taken as criterion of academic achievement
Analysis and Interpretation of Data:. The collected data was analyzed by employing Mean, S.D. and t test .
Hypothesis1. There exists no significant difference in academic achievement of students of working and non -working mothers .
In order to test this hypothesis, mean and S.D. of academic achievement of students of working and nonworking mothers was calculated. The scores of students of working and non-working mothers have been described in terms of mean, S.D. and t-value in the table 1.  So the hypothesis-1, There exists no significant difference in attitude towards science among adolescent students w.r.t gender is accepted. The reason behind no significant difference in academic achievement of students of working and non -working mothers is that in urban areas both working and non-working mothers are conscious and aware about the academic achievement for their children .Moreover, other members also concerned about the academic achievement of the children.
2. There exists no significant difference in academic achievement of boys and girls of working mothers.
In order to test this hypothesis, mean and S.D. of academic achievement of students of working and nonworking mothers was calculated. The scores of students of working and non-working mothers have been described in terms of mean, S.D. and t-value in the table 2. Table-2 reveals that mean score and S.D. of boys of working mothers is 61.56 and S.D. is 11.42 and mean score and S.D. of girls of working mothers is 63.78 and 10.96 respectively. The t value comes out to be 1.58 which is less than table value . Hence the hypothesis is non -significant at .05 and at .01 level.The reason behind no significant difference in academic area of boys and girls of working mother may be that education employment and interaction with people outside have opened the ey es of working mothers and they do not treatly partially to boys and girls and provide equal facility and opportunity to both boys and girls. The presence of working mothers i.e. women with work experience and career orientation in the home have positive impact on thinking about future education and vocational plan.
3. There exists no significant difference in academic achievement of boys and girls of non-working mothers.
In order to test this hypothesis, mean and S.D. of academic achievement of students of non-working mothers was calculated. The scores of students of working and non-working mothers have been described in terms of mean, S.D. and t-value in the table 3.