Labour Welfare and Social Security Measures in Selected Industries of Goa

International Labour Organisation (ILO) at its Asian Regional Conference, defined Labour Welfare as a term which is to include such services, facilities and amenities as may be established in or in the vicinity of undertakings to enable the persons employed in them to perform their work in healthy, congenial surroundings and to provide them with amenities conducive to good health and high morale.The objectives of the study are;to examine the socio-economic condition of workers in selected industries in Goa,to analyse the Labour welfare and social security measures in Selected Industries in Goa. The Hypotheses of the study are; there is no significantant difference between labour welfare facilities and Selected Industries in Goaand there is a significant difference between social security measures and Selected Industries in Goa. It is based on primary data only. The primary data was collected based on Interview Schedule method and a sample size of 204 Workers. The present study is based on Stratified Random Sampling Method. The study period is June 2022. The Statistical tools used in the study are Percentage and Non-Parametric Test i.e. Kruskal-Wallis Test. The study proved that Labour Welfare facilities and Social Security Measures to the workers in Selected Industries in Goa was found satisfactory. If the workers in industries are satisfied with the Labour Welfare facilities and Social Security Measures then there will be no industrial Disputes in the Industries and also harmonious relations between workers and the management. It not only increases productivity but it may add to satisfaction with the industry and cut downlabour turnover.


Introduction
The Industrial worker is indeed a Soldier Safeguarding the social and economic factors of the industrial economy, and his/her actions and interactions within the industrial framework will have a great impact and influence onIndustrial Development. The social and economic aspects of the life of a worker have a direct influence on the social and economic development of the nation. According to Royal Commission on Labour, "Labour Welfare" is a term which must necessarily be elastic bearing a somewhat different interpretation in one country from another, according to different social customs, the degree of industrialization and educational level of the workers. International Labour Organisation (ILO) at its Asian Regional Conference, defined Labour Welfare as a term which is to include such services, facilities and amenities as may be established in or in the vicinity of undertakings to enable the persons employed in them to perform their work in healthy, congenial surroundings and to provide them with amenities conducive to good health and high morale. and their implementation is well to the satisfactory level of the labourers and only the limited respondents seem to differ from the above. The management should appoint a separate counselor who counsels the labourers both official and personal problems which heavily affects the working performance of the labourers. Most of the Studies have focused on the labour welfare facilities but the present study focuses on Labour Welfare Facilities and Social Security Measures in Selected Industries in Goa.
Objectives of the Study 1. To examine the socio-economic condition of workers in selected industries in Goa 2. To analyse the Labour welfare and social security measures in Selected Industries in Goa Hypotheses of the Study 1) There is no significant difference between labour welfare facilities and across Industries in Goa 2) There is a significant difference between social security measures and across Industries in Goa

Methodology
The present study isbased on Stratified Random Sampling Method.According to Directorate of Industries, Trade and Commerce, Government of Goa,Industries classified where,Orange Categoryand Red Category were chosen for the Studyboth small-scale and large-scale industriesi.e. i) Alcina Packers PVT. LTD ii) Prakash Corrugated Products and iii) Zuari Industries LTD. It is based on primary data only. The primary data was collected based on Interview Schedule method and a sample size of 204 Workers. The studyperiod is June 2022.The Statistical tools used in the studyare Percentage and Non-Parametric Test i.e.Kruskal-Wallis Test.

Socio-Economic Conditions of the Workersacross Industries in Goa
TheSocio-Economic Conditions of the Workersacross Industries in Goawhere, the Satisfaction of Salary, Overtime payments etc is being dealt with. The Workers role plays a dominant aspect in Industries without which it is incomplete. Industrial Performance and Growth depends on the Workers Caliber and Satisfaction which in turn leads to Industrial Peace.

Source: Field Survey
The above fig-2 shows the Educational Qualification of the Workers across Industries in Goa where, highest 91.67 per cent was found to be Primary Education, 58.33 per cent pertaining toPrakash Corrugated Products and least 43.33 per cent pertaining to Zuari Industries LTD. With respect to SSC education highest 41.67 per cent was found pertaining to Prakash Corrugated Products, 34.44 per cent pertaining to Zuari Industries LTD and least 8.33 per cent pertaining to Alcina Packers PVT.LTD. With respect to Degree and PUC education 8.33 per cent and 13.89 per cent was found only pertaining to Zuari Industries LTD.

Hypotheses Tested: 1) There is no Significant difference between Welfare Facilities across Industries in Goa
The Kruskal-Wallis Testis a rank based non-parametric test that can be used to determine if there are statistically significant difference between two or more groups of an independent variable on continuous or ordinal dependent variable. The Sample Size each group must have a sample size of 5 or more. The Results observed below table 15 was found that the mean rank pertaining to Zuari Industries LTD was found to be highest and least with respect to Alcina Packers PVT.LTD and Prakash Corrugated Products. The larger the Chi-square value, the greater the probability of a significant difference. The p-value is.000 statistically significant pertaining to Statutory and non-statutory welfare facilities across Industries in Goa which shows that there is significant difference between welfare facilities across Industries in Goa. Hence, the hypothesis rejected.

2)There is Significant difference between Social Security Measures across Industries in Goa
The Results observed table 02was found that the mean rank was found to be highest pertaining to Zuari industries LTD and least pertaining to Prakash Corrugated Products and Alcina Packers PVT.LTD. Larger the Chi-square value, the greater the probability of a significant difference. The p-value is .000 statistically significant pertaining to social security measures across Industries in Goa which shows that there is significant difference between social security measuresacross Industries in Goa. Hence, the hypothesis is accepted.

LTD and Prakash
Corrugated Products Workers do not work in night shifts as it is not found in these industries.  The Results observed was found that the mean rank pertaining to Zuari Industries LTD was found to be highest and least with respect to Alcina Packers PVT.LTD and Prakash Corrugated Products. The larger the Chi-square value, the greater the probability of a significant difference. The p-value is .000 statistically significant pertaining to Statutory and non-statutory welfare facilities across Industries in Goawhich shows that there is significant difference between welfare facilities across Industries in Goa. Hence, the hypothesis rejected.  The Results observed was found that the mean rank was found to be highest pertaining to Zuari industries LTD and least pertaining to Prakash Corrugated Products and Alcina Packers PVT.LTD. Larger the Chi-square value, the greater the probability of a significant difference. The p-value is .000 statistically significant pertaining to social security measures across Industries in Goa which shows that there is significant difference between social security measuresacross Industries in Goa. Hence, the hypothesis is accepted.

Conclusion
The study proved that labourWelfare facilities and Social Security Measures to the Workersacross Industries in Goa was found Satisfactory.If the Workers in Industries areSatisfied with the Labour Welfare facilities and Social Security Measures then there will be noindustrial Disputes inIndustries and also harmonious relations between workers andmanagement. It not only increases productivity but it may add to satisfaction with the industry and cut downlabour turnover.