An Assessment Over the Public Welfare Schemes in The State Of Andhra Pradesh

The impact of public welfare schemes under the name of Navaratnalu in the state of Andhra Pradesh over the public welfare is intended to analyze in this paper. There are various welfare schemes have been implementing in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The researcher collected totally 951 samples and analysed the data through the cross-tabulation technique. However, the results are presented in the paper.

medical facilities, particularly for the underprivileged, frail, elderly, and disabled, or, to put it another way, the admittedly weaker segments of society (UNO Report, 2013) 7 .
The difficulties of social inequality and economic injustice cannot be ignored by a democratic public welfare, and without it, its organs are paralysed. Modern public welfare organisations have made a commitment to promoting social welfare, particularly for individuals who are socially, economically, physically, and cognitively challenged. They are motivated by this spirit. State operations in this area have multiplied dramatically since the turn of the 20th century (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2019) 8 . This is related to the growing dominance of a scientific, rationalist approach to social science and a belief in the efficacy of knowledge. To address social injustices and other atrocities of the "Conditions of the People," a new centralised government has been established (Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment,2022) 9 . Since the days of the Freedom Struggle, the necessity for social welfare in India has become increasingly apparent. In actuality, the term "social welfare" dates back to ancient times. In this sense, the concept or ideal of social welfare predates Indian civilisation itself. "Specific services, supplies and material assistance given by all or part of the society to a human being thought to be in need" is how it is defined. Also clearly stated by the Upanishad: "Let all be happy and healthy. Let everyone be joyful and let no one be miserable (Annual Report of Ministry of Social Welfare, 2022) 10 . The "Arthashastra" of Kautilya also points in this direction. Overall, Indians have come to understand social welfare as a dynamic notion that encompasses all aspects of human activity. However, social work in the form of institutional care and social security measures sadly could not emerge in India as it did in the west during the British rule (Rayappa et al, 2018) 11 . The only time we made "an earnest effort to give an organised shape to the long tradition of rendering service to the suffering members of the community" was after we gained our independence (Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment Report, 2020-21) 12 . Since that time, India has been conducting constitutional experiments in an effort to alter the social structure through a democratic process. The Directive Principle of State Policies, which is incorporated in Part IV of the Indian Constitution, and the Preamble both place emphasis on the necessity of advancing the wellbeing of the populace. The liberal ideas of the Western political heritage are embodied in the preamble of the Indian Constitution, according to Barker. He based his well-known and often cited book, Principles of Social and Political Theory, on the Preamble of the Indian Constitution. A wide strategy was used to give shape to the policy of transforming India into a Public welfare, as specified by the Constitution, with the goal of achieving social welfare and economic equality (JP Singh, 2018) 13 . Today's extremely competitive and ever-evolving global market. In many ways, India has just emerged as one of the developing nations. Human resources are crucial in every sector. Management must integrate people and technology to accomplish organisational goals. It is firmly held that a company's success depends on the quality and effectiveness of the people who work there (Ministry of Rural Development Report, 2020) 14 . The main goal of human resource management is to assist organisations in achieving their strategic objectives by attracting, retaining, and managing their workforce efficiently. The degree to which employees are exposed to and driven to work with dedication and participation determines whether a business succeeds or fails. Men rank first and first among the vital components of manufacturing. Without the assistance of the populace, the other aspects cannot be used effectively (Neil Gilbert et al., 2014) 15 .
Business organisations work extremely hard to ensure ongoing progress in all areas. It's important to include the organisations' personnel if you want to achieve that. They will be unable to perform their duties effectively due to a variety of issues, such as illness or disruptions in the employees' personal lives. Including other factors like worker disengagement, lack of enjoyment, and disinterest will increase absenteeism among the workforce (E.W. Martin, 2012) 16 . The core causes of a certain issue might be categorised as low employee motivation, poor management communication, and a lack of clarity. Inadequate employee involvement in an organisation can lead to a variety of issues, including a decline in output, an inability to generate innovative ideas, and increased employee distress. Therefore, it is evident that it is challenging for corporate organisations to sustain high levels of employee engagement among their human resources. According to earlier studies, employee disengagement has an impact on both staff retention and recruitment. Additionally, additional study papers explained that keeping current employees is simpler and less expensive than finding new ones. Therefore, the importance of employee engagement has increased in organisations nowadays since if employees are not adequately engaged, they may leave those organisations (Mohinder Singh, 2016) 17 .

Concept of Public Welfare
In the political lexicon, the idea of welfare is one that is expanding and has a variety of connotations. Since the middle of the 20th century, liberal communist, developing, or emerging states have taken on the function of a public welfare in various eras of history. The public good is unquestionably a middle ground between communism and unrestrained individualism. It makes an effort to include all the advantageous features of the two types of government for the benefit of the populace. A Welfare policies and the ideologies that support them make up public welfare. It is a continuum with social policies at one end and economic policies at the other (Michael Sullivan, 2017) 18 . Kenneth Boulding extends the definition above by including the ideological element.If there is one thing that connects all parts of social policy and sets them apart from just economic policy, it is what has been referred to as the "integrative system" elsewhere.Social policy is centred on the structures that promote racial harmony and deter alienation. Regardless of ideological differences, the phrase "public welfare" generally denotes a modern political system's adoption of the goal of advancing the economic and social well-being of its citizens by direct administrative and legislative measures. As a result, the state is now seen as a tool for promoting human wellbeing rather than only as a guardian of citizens' lives and property. A progressive government that governs a state with social responsibility to provide minimal levels of personal and communal wellbeing is established through public welfare. The most crucial role of a public welfare organisation is to offer social services to all of its citizens, regardless of caste, class, creed, or religion (David Macarov, 2016) 19 . Therefore, as a matter of their socioeconomic and political rights, the government safeguards the minimal standards of income, nutrition, health, and shelter for every citizen in a public welfare system. Social justice and public welfare are now mutually supportive and interdependent. It is believed that one of the modern public welfare's fundamental roles is to provide social welfare. The idea of public welfare can be defined as "the systematic efforts now made in democratic systems to use the machinery of the government for the maintenance of full employment, the provision of medical and social services, and the redistribution of wealth through fiscal and other policies in the pursuit of a more just egalitarianism," according to the definition provided above (George.T.Martin, 2020) 20 .

Public Welfare in India
The idea of public welfare was long established in India. Social welfare was not one of the government's top priorities under the British era. At the time, the focus was on upholding law and order while also supporting British business interests' economic exploitation of the Indian people. But ever since India gained its independence in 1947, its leaders have worked diligently to create a system of public welfare (Mehar, 2017) 25 . The Indian constitution aims to create a system of public welfare. It was written following extensive debate in the constituent assembly by the nation's most intelligent citizens from all communities. The "general welfare" of the populace is expressly listed as one of the goals of the Union of India in the Preamble of the Constitution. Aiming to "secure to all its citizens justice, social, economic, and political, liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship, equality of status and of opportunity," the Preamble states that the United States is committed to these goals (Anil Kumar, 2016) 21 . Since the creation of the Constitution, the principle of public welfare has been the government of India's adopted aim.

Welfare Programmes in the state of Andhra Pradesh (Navaratnalu)
During PrajaSankalpaYatra in 2019, honorable Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Y.S. Jaganmohan Reddy introduced the set of nine welfare programmes namely Navaratnalu. The word nava means nine in the language of Sankskrit and the Ratnalu means jems. However, the whole intention of this programme is to launch the nine different welfare schemes for the public (https://krishna.ap.gov.in/scheme/navaratnalu/) 26 . The nine programmes are as follows: 1. Fee Reimbursement, Youth Employment and Job Creation 2. Arogyasri 3. YSR Jalayagnam 4. Ban on Alchohol 5. AmmaVodi 6. YSR Asara and YSR Cheyuta 7. Housing for all Poor 8. Pension Enhancement

Research Methodology Sampling Unit:
Sampling Unit is considered as the important step in sampling design before selecting a sample. The geographical areas such as a state, district, village etc, or a construction unit such as house, flat, family, club or may be individual (Kothari, 2004) considered as a Sampling Unit. The present study had a sample of stratum that are beneficiaries of the various welfare schemes under Navaratnalu in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Sampling Technique:
Cluster sampling survey technique is used to attain the data from the respondents. Prior appointment had taken from select beneficiaries from the specified clusters to interact with them in their respective work, thus cluster sampling survey technique is used to survey the respondents. The researcher intercepted with the beneficiaries with a structured questionnaire.

Data Analysis and Results Demographic Profile of the Respondents:
The required primary data for this research study is collected from the selected retailing units located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The researcher collected the samples from 6 different districts such as Guntur, Krishna, Kurnool, Ananthapur, Visakhapatnam and Srikakulam. The researcher collected 951 samples. The detailed attributes of the samples are presented in the following paragraphs.

Respondent's Socio-economic, Demographic and Geographic characteristics
The primary data comprises of 639 male (67.2 percent) and 312 (32.8 percent) female respondents. It is noted that, there are 231 respondents (24.  The cross-tabulation analysis is conducted between the respondents demographic, socio economic and geographic factors and the Farmers' opinions related to the various questions over the employee engagement practices in the Indian retail industry. The detailed analysis is presented in the following sub-heads.

Conclusion
The cross-tabulation results between respondents opinion on objectives of welfareprogramme with gender revealed that (2.001df 4 p>0.05) opinion on objectives of welfare programme has no significant association with gender.The cross-tabulation results between respondents opinion on objectives of welfareprogramme with age revealed that (27.919, df 12 p<0.05) opinion on objectives of welfare programme has significant association with age.The cross-tabulation results between respondents opinion on objectives of welfareprogramme and respondents' cadre revealed that (80.034 df 8 p<0.05) opinion on objectives of welfare programme had significant association with respondent's cadre. The cross-tabulation results between respondents opinion on objectives of welfareprogramme and Name of the District revealed that (26.932df20 p>0.05) opinion on objectives of welfare programme had no significant association with Name of the District.The cross-tabulation results between respondents opinion on objectives of welfareprogramme and respondents' education revealed that (11.998df8 p>0.05) opinion on objectives of welfare programme had no significant association with respondent's education.The cross-tabulation results between respondents opinion on objectives of welfareprogramme and respondents' income revealed that (59.688 df 12 p<0.05) opinion on objectives of welfare programme had significant association with respondent's income.The cross-tabulation results between respondents opinion on objectives of welfareprogramme and Size of Family revealed that (34.491 df 12 p<0.05) opinion on objectives of welfare programme had significant association with Size of Family.