Relationship Between Problems of Women Laborers and Their Socio-Economic Status

Agriculture, the single largest production endeavor in India, contributing about 18 per cent of GDP, is increasingly becoming a female activity. Women labourers play a crucial role in agriculture activities like main crop production, livestock production, horticulture, post-harvest operations etc. In spite of these, they face a number of problems such as exploitation, long working hours, unhealthy working conditions, insecurity of job, low wages, absence of decision making, male dominating society etc. Similarly the women labourers working in unorganized sector especially in urban areas are engaged in activities like domestic work, construction work, small trade brick making, coir and basket weaving, household industries etc. and they also face same types of problems. Keeping in view the above socioeconomic and psychological problems and factors affecting socio-economics problems, this present study was conducted among 120 women labourers in rural and urban communities of Hisar district of Haryana. The results revealed that majority of the respondents were in the age group of 20-35 years, belonged to scheduled caste, had nuclear families and were agricultural labours in rural areas and construction labourers in urban areas. Maximum number of the respondents from rural and urban areas had high level of social, economic and psychological problems. Regarding socio-economic problems and factors associated, it was found that caste, education, occupation of the family, income and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with problems of respondents.


Introduction:
Women is pure creature of God.They are image of beauty, softness, sacrifice, kindness, and godness of power as well as darling of her parents.Women are one of the most important wheels of society, without women the foundation of society would not be possible (N.Andal.2002 Second name of women is 'world maker'.She makes the world (Sharma, A. 2002).Single women had different forms.Since her birth, she had been connected with other relations like daughter, sister etc.The after marriage she had been connected with new relations like wife, mother (Majumdar.M (2004).In the history of India there are many reasons and problems forced Indians women to work.The modern age has became very complex the financial demands on the Indian families are increasing day by day.The cost of living expenses on education of children and cost of housing properties in Indian raised and these reasons forced every family in India to look for ways and means of increasing the household income.The dual roles of the working women's are leading to stress in their lives.Women are still considered responsible for the majority of household labor and management, child care and employed women work to the equivalent to full time job (Demeis and Perkins, 1966).The transition of their role brings more complications especially for the marries working women due to their role expectations which provoke adjustments issues.In today time, Rural Women are managers, secretaries, assistants, clerks, operators etc.While doing these jobs they have to face lot of problems.

Material and Methods:
The study was undertaken in Haryana state by selecting Hisar district.Two areas were under taken i.e. urban and rural areas from selected district.To draw rural sample two villages were selected i.e. kharar and Alipur and 60 respondents were selected randomly from each.Thus, total sample comprises 120 respondents.Data were collected personally, by using a well-structured interview schedule and questionnaire.The data collected were categorized, coded, tabulated and suitably analyzed.Data were presented in frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation t-test and chi-square were applied to draw inferences.

Results: Association between social problems and socio-economic variables
Analysis of data presented in table 1 depicts the association between social problems and socioeconomic variables.Social problems were significantly and positively associated with respondent's age (2=12.15*),caste (2=10.25),education of women (2=11.67*),occupation of women (2= 12.24*), occupation of family (2=10.21*),average annual income of family (2=10.63*)and socio-economic status (2= 9.05*).While no association was found between family type and size, mass media exposure and social participation and social problems.

Association between economic problems and socio-economic variables
Factors associated with socio-economic variables and economic variables are shown in table 2. Economic problems of women were found associated with age (2=10.64*),caste (2=11.05*),education of women (2=10.31*),occupation of women (2=10.41*),occupation of family (2=10.21*),average annual income of family (2=10.31*)and socio-economic status (2= 9.17*) whereas, no association was found between family type, family size, mass media exposure and social participation.

Association between psychological problems and socio-economic variables
Table 3 revealed about the factors associated with psychological problems and socio-economic variables.Psychological problems of women were associated with age (2=10.20*),caste (2=10.04*)and with family occupation (2=10.41*)whereas, no association was found with family type and size, education and occupation of women, average annual income of family, socio-economic status, mass media exposure and social participation.

Association between economic problems and socio-economic variables
Economic problems of women were found associated with age (2=10.64*),caste (2=11.05*),education of women (2=10.31*),occupation of women (2=10.41*),occupation of family (2=10.21*),average annual income of family (2=10.31*)and socio-economic status (2= 9.17*) on the other hand, no association was found between family type, family size, mass media exposure and social participation.Similar results were given by Yasaswini et. al. (2017) who conducted a study on socio-economic conditions of rural women in Arepalli Rangampet, Chandragiri Mandal, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh.Gender discrimination in India was the main cause that affected the socio-economic development of women and rural due to the factor that areas not having proper facilities and education for their development.Most of the rural women had less access to health care.It was observed from the studies that most of the women earned from working in agricultural fields, tailoring, selling vegetables, fruits and working in Sulabh international as sweepers and a small number of the women were working in educational institutions as sweepers and which indicates it was understood that most of the women were not educated and it is necessary to address socio-economic development of women in that village.

Table 3 :
Association between psychological problems and socio-economic variables Socio