Environmental Ethics and the Global Environmental Problems: An Analysis

Historical Background: Morality is a set of values and principles that guide an individual behaviour and decisions. Moral codes are often complex. It is a code of conduct that is commonly accepted in a particular society and culture. Morality refers to the concept of human ethics which concerns to matters of good and evil, often referred to as “right or wrong”, used in three contexts – Individual Ethics, Systems of Principles, and Judgments. These three collectively called moral values. Morality is a collection of beliefs as to what constitutes a good life. Morals reflect a cultural predominant feeling on ethical issues. Most of the cultures have high esteem for life and hold that all individuals have a right to live. Morals differ from ethics because morals reflect the predominant feeling of culture. Environmental Reflection on human relations with the non-human world is not new. It is as old as human society itself. Concerns about the environmental effect of human practices and human treatment of John Muir (1838-1914) are both still influential in Environmental Ethics; and Aldo Leopold’s, A Sand Country Almanac, a seminal work in the field with its essay on the Land Ethic, was published in 1949. Environmental ethics is theory and practice about appropriate concern for, values in, and duties regarding the natural world. By classical accounts, ethics is people relating to people in justice and love. Environmental ethics starts with human concerns for a quality environment. Environmental ethics


Data Source and Methodology:
Present study is exploratory in nature and based on secondary data which is taken from various national and international sources.Research Studies, Articles, Books, Reports and Definitions by Philosophical Institutions, Government Websites, and Journals are the major sources to obtain in this background.Literature Review: Some important Literature Reviews are given below; • According to the IPCC (2007), "Climate Change, over the next century, is likely to adversely affect hundreds of millions of people through increased coastal flooding, reductions in water supplies, increased malnutrition and increased health impacts and these adverse effects include forced migration, sickness, injury and death".• According to the IPCC, "The higher the temperature, the worse the problem "As global average temperature increases exceeds about 3.5 0 c, model projections suggest significant extinctions (40 to 70% of species assessed) around the globe".• According to Bell (2012), "For seeing the resurgence of cholera in Latin America in 1991 and the pneumonic plague in India in 1994 and Hantavirus in the southwest of the U.S in 1994, Scientists are wondering if Global Warming is a factor in the resurgence of about 10 diseases in the 1990s".Hazardous Waste that concern the whole world and talk about international cooperation must be tackles at global levels".

Section (I) Need of Environmental Ethics for The Global Environmental Problems:
The modern technological civilization has been affecting the nature greatly, therefore, it has to be analyzed the ethical consequences of human actions.Until a few decades back, only a small section of people realized that human's activities could be changing the global environment.Now, the modern science demonstrates how humans have changed and are changing the global environment in ways not previously understood.For example, it has been proved that burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have increased the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere, and that this may lead to irreversible changes in global climate.We can say that new knowledge and better understanding of nature is raising new ethical issues.Perhaps the most important question in environmental ethics is whether moral extensions confines nonhumans.Does nature have rights?Do other species have rights as well?Are they (other species) moral agents or at least moral subjects?Do we have a moral obligation to leave the environment in good conditioner our humans have liberty to use environmental resources to the point of depletion within life time?These expanded concerns lead to a need of environmental ethics.Environmental ethics try to define the moral basis of environmental responsibility.So, we can say that environmental issues require a consideration of ethics and morals.

Ethical Guidelines to Work with Earth:
Various ethicists and philosophers proposed the following ethical guidelines to work with the earth which is given below.

Ecosphere and Ecosystems:
• We should not deplete or degrade the earth's physical, chemical or biological capital, which supports all life and all human economic activities.• We should try to understand and cooperate with The Nature.
• We should work with The Nature to sustain the ecological integrity, biodiversity and adaptability of the earth's life support systems.
• When we alter nature to meet our needs, we should choose methods that do the least possible harm to us and other living things.• We should carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to evaluate proposed actions and discover how to inflict the minimum shortand long-term environmental harm.

Species and Cultures:
• Every species has a right to live or at least struggle to live, because it exists.
• We should work to preserve as much of the earth's genetic variety as possible because it is the raw material for all future evolution.• We have the right to defend ourselves against individuals of species for our vital needs but we should strive not to cause destruction of any wild species.• The best way to protect species and individuals of species is to protect the ecosystem in which they live and help to restore those we have degraded.• No human culture should become inactive because of our actions.

Individual Responsibility:
• We should not inflict unnecessary suffering on any animal for hunt for food or use for scientific or other purposes.• We should not use more of the earth's resources than we need.It is the individual responsibility for the protection of resources • We should try to maintain the earth as good as-or better-than we found it.

Section (II) Different Views on Environmental Ethics:
There are primarily some views on environmental ethics: • Libertarian Views: Libertinism is one of the main philosophical positions related to the problems of free will and determinism which are the part of larger domain of Metaphysics.This view is correlated to the principle of civil liberty.This liberty follows the commitment to equal rights for all members of the community, development of an ethics to deal with men's relationship with land, animals and plants are absolutely essential.Social morals from people to land and nature are equally inevitable.It is not right to see the natural world in the terms of its economic worth to human.According to the Libertian Views, Equal Rights or Liberty to all human and nonhuman members in the environment is the principle doctrine of this view.• Ecological Views: Ecological view explains about ecological functioning.On ethical ground, it is believed that earth has its own mechanism for functioning, growth and development.Nature has its own purification processes and recovery systems of life in worst conditions.This theory is in contrast to Darwinian Idea of Survival of The Fittest.In support of this view, ecologist argue that there are different types of algae that are resistance to ultraviolet radiation, and life would continue and new life would make progress even if the ultraviolet radiation posses the threat to the life on the earth.This theory alerts human being to change their perceptions and see them as a part of a whole system.However, it has been seen that as the global temperature rises higher and higher and their repercussions create more climatic disasters so the planet may not be able to recover as it was previously thought.With a three degree rise in global temperature, the rain forest will start to die releasing vast new amounts of carbon dioxide; in the oceans the algae will fail for absorbing carbon.
It is therefore, necessary to recognize fundamental interdependence of all biological and abiological entities.• Conservation Ethic: Conservation ethics is an extension of instrumental value to the natural environment.It focuses only on the work of environment in the terms of its utility and usefulness to humans.Conservation ethics is the oldest form of ethics that lead to creation of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, responsible use of non-renewable energy sources, water conservation efforts, etc. Conservation is therefore a means to an end and purely concerned with mankind and his future generations.Most of the international treaties are outline as consequences of this ethics.• Eco-Spirituality: Eco-spirituality connects the sciences of ecology with spirituality.It brings together religion and environmental activism.Eco-spirituality has been defined as sign of the spiritual connection between Human Beings and The Environment.According to the environmentalist Sister Virginia Jones, "Eco-spirituality is about helping people experience.The Holy in the natural world and to recognize their relationship as Human Beings to All Creation.It should be guided by spiritual principle that ensures long term sustainability".The idea that faith can be used to save ecology was first used by formation of World Wide Fund for Nature.Eco-spiritualism was later extended up to five major world religion (Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islamic and Judaism).Each religion gives spiritual motivation for environmental action in number of its programme.Conserve to preserve Green has become ritual across the World.

Section (III) Importance of Environmental Ethics:
The importance of Environmental Ethics are given as follows: • Environmental ethics is essential for protecting the environment, species, and resources.
• It promotes sustainable practices and encourages people to become more conscious of the effect and their actions have on the environment.
• It emphasizes the interdependence of all living things and the need to respect them.It encourages us to think about our place in the world and how we can contribute to conserving the natural environment.
• Environmental ethics helps to build better relationships with nature, recognizing its intrinsic value not just its instrumental value.• It teaches us responsibility towards our environment, advocating for eco-friendly practices that help to save our natural resources.• Environmental ethics also promotes better public policies and laws, which ensures that our environment should be properly cared.

Principles of Environmental Ethics:
The important principles are given as follows: • Regard for the Intrinsic Value of Nature: Nature should not be treated as a commodity or resource to be exploited and discarded.• Interrelationship of Species and Ecosystems: Humans depend on nature and natural systems and must recognize our role in preserving and protecting the environment.• Ecological Sustainability: We must try very hard to use resources carefully and with this thinking to preserving Ecosystems and Biodiversity.• Human Responsibility: Humans are responsible for our own actions and decisions and their repercussions which affects the environment.• Human Equity: We must try to make an effort to accomplish an end for a just world where the rights and needs of humans, animals, and plants are respected and protected.• Precautionary Principle: We should adopt safety measures regarding environmental harm, even when scientific evidence is providing nothing.• Right to Know: Individuals have the right to access information about environmental issues which is essentials for human beings.• Right to Participate: Citizens have the right to participate in environmental decision-making processes.

The Environment as an Ethical Determinant:
The environment determines the ethical outlook of an individual.It also influences a child's moral development (Ebo, 2014).A child born in Saudi Arabia is likely to be an Ethical Muslim.The choice has been automatically imposed on the child by the environment.If the same child were born in Rome, he is likely to be an Ethical Christian.In such scenario, the environment is the determinant.Even within the same society, the environment determines to a reasonable extent, the moral development of an individual.
In a society where corruption is the norm, it would be very difficult for even a Saint to keep his hands clean.But in a society where corruption is generally shocking, even a thief would struggle to look like a Saint.A child raised in Somalia has more chances of taking to terrorism poor than a child rose in Dubai.The Somali child is more likely to end up in poverty than the child born in affluent Dubai.The poverty indices of both areas are not the same.Lastly, we can say that the environment is an Ethical Determinant.

Section (IV) Need for Environmental Ethics and Global Environmental Problems:
The important Global Environmental Problems are discussed below: (A): Environmental Ethics and Climate Change: Climate Change Ethics is a field of study that explores the moral aspect of Climate Change.Global environmental changes-including urbanization, the spread of Non-indigenous species, and, in particular, the impacts of climate change-have become important issues for environmental ethics, in some cases leading environmental ethicists says to rethink their prioritization of environmental values.Climate Change refers to the any change (Cooling or Warming) in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.

Ecological Restoration and Climate Change:
Ecological restoration aims to recreate or accelerate the recovery of an ecosystem that has been disturbed.Disturbances are environmental changes that alter ecosystem structure and functions.A common disturbance includes Logging, Damming Rivers, Instance Grazing, Hurricanes, Flood and Fires.The practice of ecological restoration has long been challenging issues in the field of in environmental ethics.In 1982, Elliot argued that ecological restoration could not restore, all the value lost in an ecological destruction, even if the restoration was in every way identical to the pre-destruction original.Because of this reasons that we should have value our particular environment.He argued that environment is not human origin (they are, in this sense, wild or natural).Because restorations are because of human origin, they lack the value of naturalness, even if they recreate other values.Katz, developing this view, argued that restorations are artifacts, i.e. products of human design and interests, and should be understood as examples of human superiority over nature.Climate Change is a catastrophic problem for human life.Human's emissions of Green House Gases (GHGs) are changing the world's weather patterns and climate by increasing the global average temperature.This phenomenon is known as Anthropogenic Global Climate Change.Climate change is caused by the buildup of GHGs in the atmosphere.Like a blanket, these gases trap heat radiated from the earth's surface.The heat originally comes from The Sun in the form of Ultra Violet Rays But as Green House Gases concentrations increases, the atmosphere traps more heat and it in turn heats to the land and oceans.The temperature mostly increases Ocean Level and also increases The Ocean Acidity, Arctic and Antarctic Iceland of Glaciers Worldwide, Rising Sea Levels, Intensified Heat Waves and Droughts, and increases the extreme weather conditions.Climate change is also hazards to human beings in the form of flooding, drought, wildfire, insects, ocean acidification and other global change drivers (e.g.land use change, pollution, fragmentation of natural systems, overexploitation of resources, etc).Climate Change will bring more rainfall to some regions, less to others.Climate Change throws this debate into a new context.A changing climate means that aiming at a goal of historical state of being faithful in restoration will frequently be impractical.This creates a discussion about both the meaning and significance of historical fidelity in restorations.Although most environmental ethicists still preserve a place for historical fidelity.
Species Preservation, Assisted Migration and Climate Change: As the climate changes, species that are unable to move (for instance, due to a barrier caused by urban expansion) and that cannot easily adapt to increasing temperatures or changing rainfall patterns may be threatened with extinction.From most perspectives in environmental ethics, species are valuable for instrumental reasons.It is believed that it have some kind of intrinsic value.The Famous ethicists such as Nolt argue that some species (Plants and Animals) are valuable and humans are morally responsible for this threat so it can be said that species loss (Biodiversity Loss) matters ethically.One way of preventing such species loss, for selected species at least, would be for humans to deliberately relocate members of threatened species to new more suitable habitats, a practice called assisted migration, assisted colonization, or managed relocation.Such relocations, however, have provoked substantial recent ethical debates.Some argue that assisted migration poses a significant risk of creating new harmful Non-native species, thereby dangerous species and ecosystem values in the beneficiary systems.Others argue that, even in cases where interfering is not a worry because many species carry place-specific historic and cultural values and their ecological roles in native ecosystems are context dependent so their value will not transfer to new locations.But not all ethical responses to assisted migration are negative.Environmental ethicists also argue that, in at least some cases, assisted migration can protect important values without threatening others and may contribute positively to the new location, either ecologically or culturally.One important difficulty that has emerged from the debates about both restoration and assisted migration in the context of climate change.Climate change, however, in some cases, means that human intervention is necessary to preserve species, so it may become necessary to choose between preserving wildness and protecting species.How to negotiate such decisions will be an important area of future debate for environmental ethics.

Geoengineering, Ethics, and Climate Change:
The threat of significant negative impacts from climate change and failure to successfully conclude binding international agreements on restraining greenhouse gas emissions, has precipitated proposals for geoengineering (intentionally manipulating the climate in response to climate change).Two main forms of geoengineering have been suggested: those that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (e.g., carbon capture and storage technology, afforestation, and ocean fertilization) and those that reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth by blocking or reflecting sunlight (e.g., space or desert mirrors, cloud whitening, injecting sulfur aerosols into the stratosphere).These proposals have generated significant debate among ethicists.Many environmental ethicists conclude that we should continue research into Geoengineering technologies, anticipating a time in the future when using Geoengineering might turn out to be lesser or evils.Almost all environmental ethicists maintain that we should change our behavior and economic systems, rather than further manipulate the climate.However, as threat from climate change become more acute, this debate in environmental ethics is likely to grow and intensify.
Environmental Justice: There are issues of justice in the environment.Sometimes, the environment is used as a tool for the oppression of the weak.There is a disparity in environmental justice between the upper class (usually the ruling class) and the lower class in the society.More often it is clear that members of the upper class live in clean areas of the city with healthier environment and better government facilities while the lower class live in slums and also deprived of government facilities that make for healthy environment.Powerful countries sometimes visit environmental oppression on weaker countries by dumping toxic wastes in their environment.Nigeria suffered this from Italy in 1988 (Ogbodo, 2009).The crisis in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria is largely caused by environmental injustice.Their environment is degraded by forces far more powerful than the local communities.Some of the multinationals involved in the environmental degradation in the Niger Delta cannot try such activities in their home countries.The powerful class always influences government policies on the environment.The controversial Land Use Act (1978) of the Federal Government of Nigeria that gives the ownership of land and the resources below it to the Federal Government is a typical example.In the ecosystem, stronger species dominate and sometimes eradicate the weaker species.A number of animal species are on the threshold of extinction due to human activities.The quest for environmental justice has given birth to lots of Non-governmental organizations that are engaged in one form of activism or another to ensure environmental justice.Notable among them are animal rights activists and Green Earth activists.Environmental justice covers non-conscious part of the ecosystem.

Necessity to Consider The Ethical Dimensions of Climate Change:
Climate change has significant implications for international equality, as both the causes and effects of climate change are unequally distributed around (and within) nations.In general, countries that is least responsible for climate change have the lowest socio-economic capacity to survive with the adverse consequences of climate change, which is a significant ethical problem for them.Climate change, mobilized by the search for scarce resources, has the ability to cause conflict.The need for an ethical solution is therefore conclusive.Other ethical concerns include: how present and future generations, developed and developing countries, etc., can identify and distinguish responsibilities.Climate change on the predicted scale will profoundly affect the environment and human activity in many fundamental ways.Food insecurity will increase and many regions will experience water shortages as rainfall patterns shift and mountain glaciers disappear.Rich countries can probably afford to adapt their agriculture with changed crop varieties and new technology, but all scenarios show a severe decline in food production in developing countries.The greatest human impact of climate change will be on the poor, who are especially vulnerable to the predicted increase in extreme weather events such as floods, cyclones, and droughts-the latter particularly pertaining to Africa.Ocean fisheries will also be affected.Already fish stocks in the North Sea are shifting to other areas.As populations are displaced there will be increasing flows of environmental refugees, possibly reaching tens or hundreds of millions, and the related social disintegration could lead to increasing anarchy and terrorism.Natural, economic and social disasters will become more common and more severe.A research conducted by the UK government estimated the annual cost of climate change if no action is taken at over $600 billion, or the equivalent of both World Wars and the Great Depression, while mitigating action would only amount to 1% of global GDP.Immediate action will be very cost effective, and any delay will raise the cost significantly.So, it is concluded that ethical dimension of Climate Change is necessary for all human beings.(B): Global Warming: Global Warming is the environmental threat which means that earth is warming.Humans are primarily causing of warming through greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation, and that this warming be a danger to the well being of billions of people today and in the future.

Main Ethical Challenges
An economic activity creates negative externality (Pollution) which creates the harmful effect to human's beings and other life forms.It can take any form of matter or energy that has been introduced into the environment.Combination of air, water, soil by toxic chemicals of industrial origin is perhaps the most common examples.Anthropogenic pollution had little environmental significance before the development of cities.From very earlier times, however, the concentration in cities of fires for cooking, heating and industry undoubtedly polluted the air locally, and metal smelting introduced toxic chemicals into soil, air and water.More harmful, however, were human and animal wastes which form the combinations of soil and water and then again spread into infectious diseases like Common Cold, Hepatitis, COVID-19, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), etc.
In the developed nations during the twentieth century, and especially during the economic expansion following World War II, heavy industry, coal fired power generation, chemical agriculture, aboveground nuclear weapons testing, and petroleum-powered transportation systems became significant sources of pollution.Smog blanketed industrialized cities in Europe and U.S. in December of 1952 the so called Great smog killed thousands in London.The Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio, Japan was so polluted that in 1969 it caught fired.Modern life is almost everywhere becoming more urban, and cities almost everywhere are becoming crowded with fossil fuel burning vehicles.Researches show that the worst health effects of modern life come from air pollution.Global statistics, however, reveal a different picture: the chief health threats of modern life come from eating too much of fast foods without getting enough exercise.One effect of global warming is a rise in sea level, due both to the thermal expansion of water and to the melting of glaciers and ice caps.Sea level rise will flood low-lying areas and islands, including many port cities, creating millions of refugees.The glaciers disappear over decades or centuries, water flow will ultimately diminish.Inadequate need of water supply, including hunger and thirst, high rates of disease and death, loss of productivity and economical crises, and degraded ecosystems are detectable in Global Warming.The projections for Bangladesh show a 1.5 meter rise will displace 17 million people from 16% of the country's area.If the Greenland ice sheet is destabilised-which now appears to be likely-it will raise the sea level by more than 6 meters.Already some low-lying islands and coastal areas are being abandoned.
The evidence for accelerating global warming is accumulating rapidly.The global average surface temperature has risen markedly since the late 1970s.Nine of the ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1995.The models project an even faster rise in global temperature over the next century as greenhouse gas emissions continue.The greatest temperature changes are expected in Polar Regions.
A rise of more than 2°C in the mean global temperature could trigger positive feedbacks that would make major climate change irreversible, and we could reach that point by 2035 if we continue Business as Usual (BAU), with a rise of up to 5°C possible by the end of the century.This is change at a speed and scale for which there is no planetary precedent.
(C): Ozone Depletion: A worrisome twist to the environmental dilemma is the formation which is situated in the ozone layer in the lower part of the atmosphere.Nitrous Oxides emitted by automobiles react with volatile organic compounds to form ozone layer in the lower parts of the earth.This development, however, is very bad news.Unlike the ozone layer higher up in the atmosphere that protects the environment from ultraviolet rays, the ozone layer formed at the lower parts of the atmosphere reacts with sunlight to produce photochemical smog which burns lung tissues and leaf tissues.It is a catastrophic phenomenon prevalent in big cities.The overall effect is reduction in the life span of such city dwellers.It is not uncommon to see smog hovering over the atmosphere in industrial cities.In Port Harcourt, oil producing sea port city of Nigeria, industrial smog has become a common coincidence in recent years.It was a very beautiful clean city fondly called the Garden City.But that is no longer the case as the environment has been severely degraded due to fossil fuel combustion.
(D): Acid Rain: Researches explains the fact that man is responsible for the destruction of the environment.There is no guarantee that the environment will continuously oppose these attacks.Acid rains are also new forms of destruction induced on the environment by human activities.Nitrous oxides and sulphur oxides emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels when significant combination of these in the atmosphere to rain as acid rain, causing untold destructions in the ecosystem.The effects of the Atom Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (6&9 August, 1945) has not yet back.Modern warfare poses real threat of destructions to the environment.Chemical Missiles that contains explosives like the Hydrogen Bomb and the Napalm Bomb did untold damage to the ecosystem of Vietnam during the Vietnam War.The incredible ethical question remains: Has man any rights to willfully destroy the environment?
Man's Right and Environmental Disruption: Here, the important questions is does Man have the Right to Destroy the Environment?The damage caused by fossils fuels is not limited to oil exploration and exploitation.The side effects of their use are even more threatening to the environment.The greatest damage to the ozone layer is comes from the fossil fuel combustion.The emission of chlorofluorocarbons and hydro chlorofluorocarbons dissolve the ozone layer at an alarming rate, pluck the environment of its natural protective layer from the radioactive rays of the sun.The result is the depletion of the immune system of humans, increase in the rates of skin cancer, cataract and general disruption of the ecosystem.The worrisome ethical dimension is that sometimes the sufferers of these environmental infractions are far away from the perpetrators.The case of Punta Arenas in Chile, the most southerly city of the world is pathetic (Sadness).In the year 2000, it was recorded that the cancer rate in the city shot up by 66 percent.Scientists proved that the irregularity was caused by radioactive rays escaping the much depleted ozone layer (Bell, 2012).The depletion itself was caused by the use chlorofluorocarbons gases in the Northern Hemisphere.It was a classical case of a city paying for the sins of another city.There is no doubt that the environment of this southerly city is seriously being destroyed by human activities, but in another hemisphere.
Section (V) Conclusion: Economic Analysis is not value free.That is, it is not neutral or independent with respect to moral or ethical consideration.Environmental ethics is the area of Applied Ethics, which aims at making the implications of ethical theories in the concrete situations like relationships between nations in the contemporary world, application of ethical theories for actions in environmental ethics, bio-medical ethics, and impact on human-nature relationship and in the field of human existence.Man withdrawn from traditional categories and think innovatively on the management, preservation and the sustainability of the environment.Ours is not a naively anthropocentric world.Man has responsibilities to known human members of the ecosystem both living and non-living, although differentially.Nevertheless, man has the ultimate responsibility for the future of the environment.Mans are such type of animal that can think about their future.Climate Change, Global Warming, Ozone Depletion, Acid Rain, etc. are global issues.The planet is warming because of the growing level of greenhouse gas emissions from human activity.Global climate change itself represents an ethical challenge and there is no clear framework for an ethical response to the problems of global climate change, not just its future impacts.This follows directly from the fact that, in different contexts, different actors are expected to respond adequately, humanely and ethically to the challenges of climate change.Addressing the ethical dilemma of climate change is an opportunity to build a constructive conversation between States and other relevant stakeholders from which a new consensus on the issues will emerge.The emissions from human industrial activities are largely responsible for the checkmate is unquestionable.Man therefore must rise to the challenge of righting these environmental wrongs.In his responses, man necessarily must adopt universal benchmarks and universally applicable norms.Otherwise, tensions arising from inequalities will defeat the accomplishment of such endeavors.It calls for ethically sound actions.Almost all environmental ethicists maintain that we should change our behaviors and economic systems, rather than further manipulate the climate.Environmental ethics ask the humans to establish a correct view of nature, learn to respect, imitate, and protect nature and get along amiability and peacefully with nature.In must contain rules and regulations which are followed by Human Nature.As such, an important aspect of the ethical response to climate change and other problems is the concern of future generations.Many environmental ethicists nonetheless conclude that we should continue research into geoengineering technologies, anticipating a time in the future when using geoengineering.However, as threats from climate change become more acute, this debate in environmental ethics is likely to grow and intensify.This research paper try to find out that the emergence of new technologies raises novel ethical challenges and questions that are beginning to be addressed by environmental ethicists.The problems are become very popular among Academicians.
Suggestions and Ways Foreword: Ecological awareness is lacking, which means we are polluting our environment.Societies have to understand the difference between ecological balance and ecological imbalance if we want to create a balanced ecosystem.Environmental awareness promotes the wellbeing of all those living in and around the environment.As it is said: "Sarve Sukhinassantu sarve santu niramayah Sarve bhadrani pashyantu ma kasciddukha-bhagabhavat." (May all be happy, May all be free from disease.May all realise what is good.May none be subject to misery?)Five different approaches should be adopted for managing environmental issues; (i) Managing environmental regulations.This includes investing in environment protection and forcing other firms to make similar investments; (ii) Investing in environment friendly processes or products; (iii) Investing in environment performance improvement, without increasing costs; (iv) Combining all the three methods mentioned above to change the basis for competition and re-define the market so that both the firm and the environment can achieve benefit and ; (v) Looking at environmental issues from a risk management perspective.This involves putting in place system and process to prevent or minimize the possibilities of accidents and dealing with them effectively when they occur.Efforts must be done at National Level as well as International Levels, but individual efforts for conservations can only solve the problems.We must not be reason for damaging ecosystem, must not harm other creature, plants, water bodies, forest and at last to our own generations.We should think Globally, and Act Locally.
inequalities and disproportionally affects vulnerable population such as low income communities, indigenous people and small island developing states.The Present Paper describes The Environmental Ethics and The Global Environmental Problems: An Analysis.The paper is divided into Five Sections.Section I deals with The Needs of Environmental Ethics and Ethical guidelines to Work With Earth; Section II explains The Different Views on Environmental Ethics; Section III discusses The Importance and Principles of Environmental Ethics; Section IV discusses The Global Environmental Problems and Environmental Ethics; Section In the last, Section V provides Conclusion along with Suggestions and Ways Forward.Objectives: • To study the need of Environmental Ethics and Ethical guidelines to work with Earth.• To study the different views and importance of Environmental Ethics.• To study the inter-relationship between Environmental Ethics and Global Environmental Problems.• To study the Ethical Solution for Global Environmental Problems.• To study the Man's right and Environmental disruptions.

•
According to Devall & Sessions (1985), "Deep ecologists argue that all things living and non-living have intrinsic values, therefore they have rights".• The U. S. based Theologian and Environmental Philosopher Holmes Rolsten III (1975) argued that Species protection is the moral duty of our whole society.• For The Animal Right's Tom Regan (1983) argued that those Animals with intrinsic value (Inherent Value) have the moral right to respectful treatment.• According to Commest (2010), "The problem like Global Warming, Ozone Depletion and Disposal of Exacerbated by Global Climate Change: Uncertainties in the scientific knowledge base that limit our ability to predict when and where the different effects of climate change will occur, and with what severity.The origins of such uncertainties include the following: • Distributive Justice Issues: The ethical challenge lies in deciding specifically what is unjust and unequal in the distribution of the detrimental effects of climate change, but also in the distribution of the benefits of climate change-causing acts.• Procedural Justice Issues: Who should engage in decision-making processes on climate change reduction, mitigation or adaptation measures?Vulnerable communities need meaningful opportunities to engage in climate-change adaptation and decision-making.• Human Rights Issues: We need to investigate the degree to which global climate change create an effect on the fundamental right to liberty, which includes the right of a person to use his / her property to better his / her well-being, as well as the right to choose his / her own way of life freely.