Demographic Features of Lucknow City: An Overview

: The population is one of the essential parts of a city to determine the quality of the environment and standard of living in the area. Lucknow, being the capital city of the state of Uttar Pradesh, is an important administrative and commercial center and one of the most densely populated cities of the state. By studying population-sex ratio, density, migration, literacy, etc. we can analyze how critically population plays a part in a city's growth and development.


INTRODUCTION:
Lucknow is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh with a population of 2.8 million as per the 2011 census, it is the eleventh most populous city and the twelfth-most populous urban agglomeration in India.It is also the second-largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division.Lucknow has always been a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub, and the seat of power for Nawabs in the 18th and 19th centuries.It continues to be an essential center of governance, administration, education, commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, music, and poetry.The city stands at an elevation of approximately 123 meters (404 ft) above sea level.Lucknow city had an area of 402 km2 (155 square miles) till December 2019, when 88 villages were added to the municipal limits and the area increased to 631 km2 (244 square miles).Bounded on the east by Barabanki, on the west by Unnao, on the south by Raebareli, and on the north by Sitapur and Hardoi, Lucknow sits on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River.As of 2008, there were 110 wards in the city.Morphologically, three clear demarcations exist: The Central business district, which is a fully built-up area, comprises Hazratganj, Aminabad, and Chowk.A middle zone surrounds the inner zone with cement houses while the outer zone consists of slums.

OBJECTIVES:
The present research aims at -1. Studying the population growth rate of Lucknow city from 1950 to 2022. 2. Finding out the pattern of population expansion in respective years 3. Studying the demographic features of the capital city.

DEMOGRAPHICS:
The population of Lucknow Urban Agglomeration (LUA) rose above one million in 1981, while the 2001 census estimated it had increased to 2.24 million.This included about 60,000 people in the Lucknow Cantonment and 2.18 million in Lucknow city and represented an increase of 34.53% over the 1991 figure.According to the provisional report of the 2011 Census of India, Lucknow city had a population of 2,815,601, of which 1,470,133 were men and 1,345,468 were women.This was an increase of 25.36% compared to the 2001 figures.Between 1991 and 2001, the population registered a growth of 32.03%, significantly lower than the 37.14% which was registered between 1981 and 1991.The initial provisional data suggests a population density of 1,815 inhabitants per square kilometer (4,700/sq mi) in 2011, compared to 1,443 in 2001.As the total area covered by the Lucknow district is only about 2,528 square kilometers (976 sq mi), the population density was much more than the 690 inhabitants per square kilometer (1,800/sq mi) recorded at the state level.The Scheduled Caste population of the state represented 21.3% of the total population, a figure higher than the state average of 21.15%.The sex ratio in Lucknow city stood at 915 females per 1000 males in 2011, compared to the 2001 census figure of 888.The average national sex ratio in India is 940 according to the Census 2011 Directorate.The city had a total literacy level in 2011 of 84.72% compared to 67.68% for Uttar Pradesh as a whole.In 2001 these same figures stood at 75.98% and 56.27%.In Lucknow city, the total literate population totaled 2,147,564 people of which 1,161,250 were male and 986,314 were female.Despite the fact that the overall work-participation rate in the district (32.24%) is higher than the state average (23.7%), the rate among females in Lucknow is very low at only 5.6% and shows a decline from the 1991 figure of 5.9%.

METHODOLOGY:
For this research paper, the qualitative method of data collection and analysis of existing data was done.Secondary data mostly sourced from CENSUS OF INDIA was collected and a thorough study to find out a connection between the demographic features of the city and its growth and development was done.
Population-level and growth rate for the Lucknow, India metro area from 1950 to 2011.•The current metro area population of Lucknow in 2011 is 2,902,601, a 29.3% increase from 2001.•The metro area population of Lucknow in 2001 was 2,245,509, a 34.5% increase from 1991.•The metro area population of Lucknow in 1991 was 1,669,204, a 65.7% increase from 1981.The current estimated population of Lucknow city in 2023 is 3,884,000, while literacy rate, sex ratio, and density are mentioned below.-Thelast census was conducted in 2011 and the scheduled census for Lucknow city in 2021 was postponed due to Covid.Lucknow Literacy Rate-In the education section, the total literates in Lucknow city are 2,081,727 of which 1,124,261 are males while 957,466 are females.The average literacy rate of Lucknow city is 82.50 percent of which male and female literacy was 86.04 and 78.70 percent.Lucknow Sex Ratio-The sex ratio of Lucknow city is 928 per 1000 males.The child sex ratio of girls is 904 per 1000 boys.Lucknow Child Population-Total number of children (0-6) in Lucknow city is 293,697 as per figures from the Census India report in 2011.There were 154,226 boys while 139,471 were girls.The child forms 10.43 % of the total population of Lucknow City. CONCLUSION: