Post Covid Downfall of Edtech

This research work is based on the evaluation of the fact of downfall of Edtech after the covid 19. As we know at the time of pandemic Edtech was one of the major industries that boomed and enjoyed growth rate but after the lockdown all companies have seen a drastic decline in their subscribers. This research work is about to find out what variables were responsible for this downward trend

Ameer P.A. and Vineeth K. in their paper "Post Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Ed Tech Industry in India: A Multidimensional Analysis" explores the broader concepts of the ways that can be used by online platforms to solve the problems of their downfall and the concepts and methods that can make them full of students.They also talked about the other side of the coin areas and conditions under whose influence edtech can lose their consumers.Yong Zhao and Jim Watterston in their paper "The changes we need: Education Technology post COVID-19" looks at the different elements such as student centric and personalization that is offered by online technology and therefore technology is solving an almost impossible problem by being a part of modern education system.Neil Guppy, Dominique Verpoorten, David Boud, Lin Lin, Joanna Tai, Silvia Bartolic in their paper "The post-COVID-19 future of digital learning in higher education: Views from educators, students, and other professionals in six countries" attempt to investigate and put forward the efficiency of online and remote learning in the aspect of higher education and why for higher degrees the digital way of learning is proved to be more useful.Authors also talked about the role of covid in putting this way forward and making it in habit of the masses.

RESEARCH GAP
No any similar study that has been done on Indian learners: One of the very basic gaps that has been fined by author is that there is no any similar study that took placed among Indian students, so we have lack of knowledge about how learners of our nation are taking their decision for their preference mode of education.Also during the research author faced a tremendous problem while understanding the next moves of learners because in traditional culture, India parents were very much involved in the decisions making of education of their child.No matter if their child is in primary school, secondary school, or college it is parents who have the final authority to decide what and how their ward is going to do the task.

Psychology of learners / parents / educators on online education after covid:
Even in case of online education vs offline education, there is a good role of parents that how their child is going to have their studies done.Since parents and their kids have a generational gap, it is attached with the mentality of parents that face to face way of study is more effective way, it gives the educator the authority to evaluate and monitor every student on personal level.Whereas other aspect goes like in online education every student is a frontbencher, everyone has the equal opportunity to contribute in the discussion by either typing or by enabling audio/video.This factor has its own silent role in determining or making a learner inclined towards any one side between education with technology of without technology.

PROBLEM DEFINITION
One of the most prominent problems that author faced during the work on this dissertation report is the lack of research paper under this topic.There were many papers about edtech and post covid but there were not immense papers on the topics constitutes of both at a time.And the reason that author believe for this happening is maybe because this topic is new and research might be going on in many places right now but they might be uncompleted at this moment.So that is why author want to contribute in this research work and want to find out the reasons why learners are not preferring online mode of education and what challenges are educators and learners are having while having their classes on online mode.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The objective of this research work is to find out what are the variables that contributes in the decision making of preference by a learner between online and offline mode of education.And what are the challenges that has been faced by learners to have their education in the online mode of conductivity.And the last objective is to provide with necessary conclusion and suggestions that could be practiced for betterment.
• To study the reasons of learners for their preferences of mode of study after covid.(Tools used -Survey / Forms / Questionnaire) • To examine what problems are being faced by learners on online platforms.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The first and foremost step in the research process consists of problem identification.Once the problem is defined, the next step is the research design becomes easier.The research design is the basic framework, which provides guide line for the rest of the research process.The research designs the methods of collection of data and analysis.

SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
Both primary and secondary data has been collected for the study.Following are the few ways in which data was collected.

Primary data:
Primary data are those collected specifically by or the data user.Primary data for the study is only from the internal sources were approached.The data was collected through questionnaires.

Secondary data:
The secondary data was another source for the collection of data from various books, previous records, through internet from different ways such as Google.

TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES APPLIED FOR THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
The tools used for the purpose of collecting the primary data are a questionnaire with about 15 questions.Offline education adds overall more value to your development.

DATA COLLECTION
Likert Scale: The above questionnaire is modified version of the one that have been used at the time of data collection, this has been done purposely for the ease of data analysis and interpretation.The modification that author is talking about is actually the addition of first column of variables and the second column of short names of each statement under specific variable.Another change that has been done is the allotment of no. from 1-5 to the options, this has been done so that descriptive analysis can be performed.The original questionnaire has been added at the last page of this project work.

Master Sheet
The above table represents the master sheet of the data that contains all the responses of all the statements.After the survey total sample size was of 130 responses and since all the questions were mandatory to answer so that every statement has 130 as the total no. of responses.
Let us interpret Sno. 1 for better clarification, in Sno. 1 second column has SOS1 which means statement no. 1 of sense of satisfaction that can be easily seen in the above questionnaire which is "Your concentration is better in offline classes".So out of total 130 responses 64 have choose Strongly agree, 47 as agree, 10 as neutral, 4 as disagree, 5 as strongly disagree.

DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis is the process of collecting, modeling, and analyzing data using various statistical and logical methods and techniques.Businesses rely on analytics processes and tools to extract insights that support strategic and operational decision-making.
For the analysis part of the above survey author used descriptive analysis method because it provides with the answer of "what" happening in the situation rather than predicting the future.

What is Descriptive Analysis?
Descriptive analysis, also known as descriptive analytics or descriptive statistics, is the process of using statistical techniques to describe or summarize a set of data.As one of the major types of data analysis, descriptive analysis is popular for its ability to generate accessible insights from otherwise uninterpreted data.
Types under descriptive analysis there are 4 types of subparts, measures of frequency, measure of central tendency, dispersion, and position.
Author used measure of central tendency among the four because in Likert scale questionnaire where no.1-5 is allotted as the options of the responses, it is best to find out the mean of the respective statements and then interpret the final conclusion of that statement.Now, let us have a look on each element in the above table to understand descriptive analysis method that author used in better way.
Variables -The column of the variable consists of the statements that were being formed by that very variable.There were 4 variables in our questionnaire namely Sense of satisfaction, Extra resources and execution, Faculty's role, and Extra resources, and each of the variable consists of the statement in their short form name such as SOS, ERE, FR, ER respectively for the easiness of the analysis and interpretation part.N -This tells us about our sample size that was of 130 responses.As one can see that N for each statement is 130 this is because all the questions were mandatory to fill in our questionnaire.
R -This R stand for the range, specifically this 1-5 is the very limit under which mean of every statement will come, because in our questionnaire 1 symbolizes strongly disagree, 2 symbolized disagree, 3 symbolized neutral, 4 as agree and 5 symbolized strongly agree.So, it is obvious to have range between 1 to 5.
Mean -Mean is basically average of the total responses under each statement that have been obtained by putting the data into MS excel and applying the formula of =AVR(_,_).This have been done with each of the statement to find out their respective mean.
Median -This symbolizes which no. from 1 to 5 have been clicked by most of the respondents under each statement.Median had been find out by applying the formula of =MEDIAN(_,_) into MS excel.
Standard Deviation -This shows how wide a range of answer there are, for example let us take the example of SOS1, in that the mean is 4.29 and the standard deviation is 0.85 this means that most responses lie between 3.44 (4.29 -0.85) to 5.00 (4.29 + 0.85).

DATA INTERPRETATION
Data interpretation refers to the process of using diverse analytical methods to review data and arrive at relevant conclusions.The interpretation of data helps researchers to categorize, manipulate, and summarize the information in order to answer critical questions.
The importance of data interpretation is evident and this is why it needs to be done properly.Data is very likely to arrive from multiple sources and has a tendency to enter the analysis process with haphazard ordering.Data analysis tends to be extremely subjective.Before coming to the final tables and charts of the interpretation, let us have a look on the below table that has divided the range of intervals of each of the options from strongly disagree to strongly agree.Let us interpret on one row to understand it in better way.For example, take SOS1 for an instance which was "Concentration is better in offline education".Its mean is 4.29 and from the previous table of interpretation of Likert chart we can see that if a number lies between 4.20 -5.00 then the overall answer of the statement is strongly agree, so the final interpretation of the SOS1 is strongly agree.Let us with the help of example understand how the above chart been concluded.As we know that there are 4 statements under variable 1 that are SOS1, SOS2, SOS3, SOS4.Author took the values of strongly agree of all four statements and added, after that divided the value by 4 to find out the average and then multiplied the obtained value by 100/130 to find out the percentage of response that are under strongly agreed.The same process has been done with responses of agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree.So, at the end 50% students are strongly agreed that the sense of satisfaction in offline classes are much higher as compared to the online classes.32% agreed upon the same variable.12% has neutral stand and 4% and 2% are disagreed and strongly disagreed.o Offline education has more resources to help.

The above pie chart is the interpretation of the responses under the first variable that is "Sense of
Let us with the help of example understand how the above chart been concluded.As we know that there are 4 statements under variable 1 that are ERE1, ERE2, ERE3, ERE4.Author took the values of strongly agree of all four statements and added, after that divided the value by 4 to find out the average and then multiplied the obtained value by 100/130 to find out the percentage of response that are under strongly agreed.The same process has been done with responses of agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree.So, at the end 54% students are strongly agreed that the sense of satisfaction in offline classes are much higher as compared to the online classes.34% agreed upon the same variable.9% has neutral stand and 2% and 1% are disagreed and strongly disagreed.

rd Variable
The above pie chart is the interpretation of the responses under the third variable that is "Faculty's Role."Let us with the help of example understand how the above chart been concluded.As we know that there are 3 statements under variable 1 that are FR1, FR2, FR3.Author took the values of strongly agree of all three statements and added, after that divided the value by 4 to find out the average and then multiplied the obtained value by 100/130 to find out the percentage of response that are under strongly agreed.The same process has been done with responses of agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree.So, at the end 56% students are strongly agreed that the sense of satisfaction in offline classes are much higher as compared to the online classes.31% agreed upon the same variable.8% has neutral stand and 2% and 3% are disagreed and strongly disagreed.

th Variable
The above pie chart is the interpretation of the responses under the second variable that is "Extra benefits."Extra benefits have 3 statements, namely o Level of interaction and social skills are better in offline classes.
o Offline education has additional benefits.o Offline education adds overall more value to your development.
Let us with the help of example understand how the above chart been concluded.As we know that there are 3 statements under variable 1 that are EB1, EB2, EB3.Author took the values of strongly agree of all four statements and added, after that divided the value by 4 to find out the average and then multiplied the obtained value by 100/130 to find out the percentage of response that are under strongly agreed.The same process has been done with responses of agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree.So, at the end 54% students are strongly agreed that the sense of satisfaction in offline classes are much higher as compared to the online classes.31% agreed upon the same variable.11% has neutral stand and 3% and 1% are disagreed and strongly disagreed.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Providing best of what one got is the best and utmost important motto of any industry.And the same goes for education industry either its online education or offline education students and learner's problems must be identified and solved.This research work's main purpose is to understand what are the root cause of learners to inclined towards traditional way (Offline mode) of education.And after all the work author concluded that offline education provides better sense of satisfaction among students.Secondly, online classes fail to provide extra resources such as practical and labs to make learners a pragmatic practitioner.Thirdly, the level of interaction and evaluation a Faculty does in offline classes is being lacked in online classes.Fourthly, offline education provides a lot of smooth engagement of all students with each other which ultimately helps them to improve their social skills and increase their personality development.
After careful examination of the whole situation author like to suggest the following pointso We cannot directly shift from offline to online approach spontaneously, there should be a good balance of offline and online classes.For example, one may conduct classes 2-3 days a week via online mode and rest of the classes via offline modes this will put a learner in the habit of both the modes.This will even help students on individual level to figure out their preferences and strength among both the modes.o Students must be called in person for practical classes and labs this will helps them to have their excess on tangible equipment.Exams should also be conducted in offline mode because it keeps alive the essence of fair and healthier competition.o While conducting online classes faculties must also focus on those students who does not engage in the class discussion.Faculty should motivate them and help them out with their social and mental distancing that has been created within those students while online classes.

Questionnaire
Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 1.
Your concentration is better in offline classes.2.
Offline education provides better clarity of concepts.

3.
Motivation for study and competition is better in Offline classes.

4.
Offline classes have healthier and fair competition.

5.
Offline classes have more disciplined scheduled and execution than online classes.

6.
Practical and labs more suitable in offline classes.

7.
Pace of learning is more continuous in offline education.

8.
Offline education has more resources to help.9.
Individual attention of teacher is more in offline classes.
10. Teachers can easily judge the performance of every student in the classroom.
11. Doubts and questions can be cleared easily in the offline mode of studies.
12. Level of interaction and social skills are better in offline classes.
13. Offline education has additional benefits.
14. Offline education adds overall more value to your development.
Xianghan (Christine) O'Dea and Julian Stern in their paper "Virtually the same?Online higher education in the post Covid-19 era" tried to explain about the learning and experience that have been gained by online education companies during and post covid.How they are going to maintain their reign of technical education and what positive sides they see about the involvement of technology in education.Marko Teräs, Juha Suoranta, Hanna Teräs & Mark Curcher in their paper "post-Covid-19 Education and Education Technology 'Solutionism': a Seller's Market" researchers tried to find out the solutions and the ways by which edtech company can survive the Thierry Karsenti, Bruno Poellhuber, Normand Roy and Simon Parent in their paper "The Post covid Impact on Higher Education and Educational Technology" this research work give insight on the ways and degree up to which the online education system is suppressing the new technical way of education because of the various reasons and the reasons such as face to face interaction etc. are being the reasons of what online education is lacking.Antonello Callimaci, Anne Fortin in their paper of "Intended use of educational technology after the COVID-19 pandemic" researchers talked about the complications and the negative side of the online education how the advancement of technology is making learning a complicated process and how others negative elements making it learning complicated for navies of technology.
Satisfaction."Sense of satisfaction has 4 statements, namely o Your concentration is better in offline classes.o Offline education provides better clarity of concepts.o Motivation for study and competition is better in Offline classes.o Offline classes have healthier and fair competition.
chart is the interpretation of the responses under the second variable that is "Extra resources and execution."Extra resources and execution have 4 statements, namely o Offline classes have more disciplined scheduled and execution than online classes.o Practical and labs more suitable in offline classes.o Pace of learning is more continuous in offline education.
Faculty's Role has 3 statements, namely o Individual attention of teacher is more in offline classes.o Teachers can easily judge the performance of every student in the classroom.o Doubts and questions can be cleared easily in the offline mode of studies.

Table 1 -
://www.researchgate.net/publication/331231816_A_note_on_the_usage_of_Likert_Scaling_for_research_data_analysisIfone is interested to know the procedure of the calculation then please simply click on the provided hyperlink above.In the above table interpretation of each statement has been done.This has been done by combining the data of the previous two tables.First let us have a look on each element of the table, the very first column represents the variables and under variables statements of the respective variable.Second column represents mean that is average of the responses of each statement, third column represents standard deviation of each statement and fourth column represents Final interpretation of each statement based on their mean.
Pimentel, J.L (2010).A note on the usage of Likert scaling for research data analysis.One can may assume how this table has been made or how author divided the above intervals and grouped each option.The answer to this question is given in the above research work named as "A note on the usage of Likert scaling for research data analysis" by J.L Pimentel, in his research work J.L Pimentel have clearly shown the steps and calculation that must have been followed if one wants to have the above chart.https