Bio-Fortified Wheat and Soybean Varieties: A Sustainable Approach of Food and Nutritional Security at District Dewas in Madhya Pradesh

Food security of the country has been ensured due to green revolution through adopting of high yielding varieties and newly introduced agricultural technologies at ground realities, hence achieved the rational production (305.44 million tones) of cereal crops during 2020-21 (Ministry of Agriculture and farmers welfare third advance estimates). Now days country is facing with great problems of malnutrition (38.4%) of women, adolescent girls & children resulted high rate of anemia (58.6%), underweight (35.7%) & mortality (41%), whilein Madhya Pradesh malnutrition (42%), Anemia (68.9%), underweight (42.8%), mortality of children (51%) were higher comparatively to the country, may be due to imbalance, inappropriate nutrition, health & hygiene, poor awareness of livelihood peoples etc.(National Family Health Survey 2015-16). A stealthier form of deficiency is known as hidden hunger which is caused due to the intake of inadequate nutritious cheap food and thosehaving the characteristic of fulfillness the stomach but actually lacked in essential vitamins and minerals nutrition ingredients. Keeping in mind to cope up the malnutrition problems the Indian council of Agriculture research has taken lead for the biofortification of cereal crops based on earlier national breeding research efforts including biotechnology transgenic techniques and agronomic practices promotion of encourage the utilization of micronutrient fertilizers, targeting the enhancement of nutrients like zinc, iron, protein, folic acid, riboflavin, KTI free, Lipoxygenase-2 etc. in staple major & minor food and oilseed crops. The current study has


INTRODUCTION
• No doubt the India has been achieved the food security through the rational production (305.44 million tones) of cereal crops during 2020-21 (Ministry of Agriculture and farmers welfare third advance estimates) • The rural farmers left away from the major and minor millets crops i.e. jowar, bajra, ragi, kodo etc.
which has the good potential to meet out the nutritional requirement.• Madhya Pradesh was highly malnourished state which falls in category of fourth level in the country.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Impact of different treatments on height and weight:
• The effect of bio-fortified wheat + soybean porridge (T3) was showed that the heightgained minimum (73 cm) and maximum (106.5 cm) in against of baseline data 70.5, 103.0 of Kumari Kritika and Master Shailendra respectively after 2 months (May to June) completion of the study.• In spite this, the maximum & minimum % increase weight among the included respondents were found 18.3 and 6.1 of Ku.Neha & Master Shailendra respectively.The maximum (14.9 kg) & minimum weigh (8.5 kg.) were also observed in treatment no.03 as compare to treatment no. 2 after completion of the experiment.• After taking the porridge of wheat HI 8777 in treatment 02 improvement were seen in the children all were becomes normal except one child while the positive effect of treatment 03 combination porridge of wheat HI 8777 + soybean NRC 127 were attend all respondents gains normal weight.

Impact of different treatments on Haemoglobin, Zinc & Iron::
• The data revealed that the whole respondents were anaemic or either having poor haemoglobin content below regulated normal range (11.5 to 22.8 g/dl).• The data showed that there was no appreciable changes in T1 while the T2 and T3 had the remarkable improvement in haemoglobin content.• The four respondents namely Master Ritesh, Master Anshul, Ku.Divya & Master Shailendra except others was recovered after feeding of T2 from March to April.• The all respondents becomes anaemic free or having standard haemoglobin content in T3 after feeding of 02 consecutive months from May to June.• Maximum range of Haemoglobin % were recorded in master Devraj 51.3 g/dl while minimum range of haemoglobin % change was recorded 8.6 g/dl in master Anshul.• The data revealed that zinc content of five children were falls under low to very low in range after feeding of the Panjeeri (T1), there was no any drastic change.• The T2 and T3 showed that all respondents were achieved almost normal range after time period of two months respectively.• The maximum percent change 90% was attained by Master Ravindra and minimum 1.4% by Master Devraj.• According to baseline data, the iron content of five respondents were very low to low range while others in normal range.
• After the studied period, it was noticed that almost respondents were get the satisfactory response and become anaemic free by feeding of T3 @ 120 gm/day per children • The T2 showed that 07 children were recovered except 03 children those were anaemic.
• The maximum (195.4 %) percent increase were found in Ku.Kritika followed by Ku.Pari (158.6%) while the minimum (3.4%) percent increase was found in Master Ravindra.

Figure 3 :
Figure 3: Effect of biofortified Porridge on % Change in height, weight & total protein

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It was also observed that 74 % newly born children of Madhya Pradesh suffered with anaemia either due to low iron & haemoglobin content.

Table 5 .
Impact of bio fortified wheat and soybean porridge on height and weight of malnourished children

Table 6 .
Impact of bio fortified wheat and soybean porridge on haemoglobin and protein of

Table 7 .
Impact of bio fortified wheat and soybean porridge on zinc and iron of malnourished children S. Range of Zinc in children 65 to 118 μ/dl 2. Range of Iron in children 1 year children is 35 to 155 and 2 to 12 year children 22 to 135