Self – Advocacy Significance in Work Placement Adjustment of PwID

: Self – Advocacy of differently abled adults living in Urban cities, Suburban and Rural areas were examined with respect to self - advocacy of their technical training, life skill development programs and social support systems. In the present situation based on applicability of scientific knowledge helping the Intellectual disabled adult children from positive psychology frameworks and from the strengths-based approach through which they can learn natural language and understanding language is currently focussed by special education and vocational training centres for differently abled adult students. Under this framework, Self-determined, Self – advocacy action is including and able to implement practically by two following essential criteria’s:


Introduction:
Self-advocacy of differently abled adults living in Metropolitan cities, Urban, Suburban and Rural areas were examined with respect of their technical training, life skill development programs and social support • Email: editor@ijfmr.com

IJFMR23069296
Volume 5, Issue 6, November-December 2023 2 systems.Employment is a needed source of life for the majority of intellectually disabled adults.Work placement adjustment provides an opportunity for financial self-sufficiency, fosters social connectedness to others in society, contributes to a sense of dignity and self-worth, and serves as a means of selfexpression.This study indicates that the perceived benefits of work places for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) are similar to those of the non-disabled persons; namely, the sense of feeling productive and staying busy, having relationships with co-workers, feeling important, enhancement in income, and having opportunities for continued developing skills and advancement.There are also economic benefits to the Organisations and Market businesses by facilitating employment for persons with disabilities, reflected in minimum support costs and income from tax revenues paid by those earning over the minimum wage.
Keeping in view work place adjustment of PwID Vocational training to differently abled adults presents the results of percentage of adults with intellectual disabilities availed opportunity in getting placements in different organisations based on their training capabilities after completion of their training course at different levels at DAIL with the support of Professionally trained instructors and community partners of Organisations and Institutions to elucidate parents perceptions regarding work inclusion of their disabled adult with an intellectual disability.The study also analysed the opinion of respondents i.e 80% of parents who accepted and believed that some form of integrated work is best for most their adult children with an intellectual disability, and evaluated that about 87% of respondents believed that hiring people with intellectual disabilities is an important factor in building effective programs that promote integrated employment.This study would not negatively affect the image of workplaces.Respondents indicated that a lack of employment training programs for adults with intellectual disabilities was a major obstacle to increased inclusion.

Review of Literature:
Suitable Vocational trade services involves teaching differently abled persons who are with severe intellectual disabilities to get trained and acquire a particular skill meant to prepare them for a particular occupation.Employment is an important ingredient for those persons who come under below poverty line and achieving inclusion for all persons, including persons with disabilities (PWD).
DAIL Identified Adult persons with Intellectual disabilities are able do certain suitable jobs under supervision of technically trained staff able to classify differently abled adults if trained properly.The following are some of the Research reviews on job skills identified based on thorough observation during training program which are suitable for severe adults with intellectual disabilities.
In most western economies, however, people with ID are under-represented in the labour market.Reported employment rates for the general populations of the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom range from 75% to 95% [1], while rates for persons with ID in those countries, are reported at anywhere from 9-28%, depending on the location, sample composition and definition of "work" [2].Few of these employees work full time [3] and the majority work in service occupations, which offer low wages and little opportunity for advancement [4].At present ongoing research until now given analysis on percentage of adults with ID who are hypothetically employable and seeking work.While a number of sheltered employment options remain for people with ID, the trend over the past 30years has been to move people into mainstream employment settings [5].Supported employment has offered opportunities for increasing the number of workers with disabilities who otherwise could not enter mainstream employment.The movement towards integrated employment suggests that the general public will come into increasingly greater contact with people with ID as potential employers, supervisors, or as co-workers.Given the predominance of persons with ID in service sector jobs, the public may also be provided services by people with ID.
People attitudes toward the integration of workers with ID are salient on several levels.Effective employment results depend on the availability of appropriate employment selections the readiness of employers to hire, and the presence of acceptable support systems in the workplace.In accumulation, for accurate inclusion to take place, differently abled adult workers with special needs must turn out to be part of the workplace and intermingle meaningfully with other Co -workers.In the face of the growing recognition of the role of assertiveness in employment, research on attitudes towards differently abled employees with ID in particular has been rather limited.Numerous research studies have addressed administrator views, and have revealed that favourable approaches towards hiring are associated with previous contact with adults with disabilities, large scale company, and female gender; still there remains a scarcity of research investigative the attitudes of co-workers or the general public towards adults with ID in mainstream jobs

Methodology: Study area:
The role of DAIL of NIMH is to work with young adults with multiple disabilities along with their family members to evaluate and analyse their differently abled children needs and train based on their abilities in learning and handling the assistive devices, the professionals who are technically experienced innovated different need based skill development programmes to facilitate the adult disabled keeping in view their placement opportunities in society.The following are technical programmes with the help of innovative assistive devices: The above training techniques innovated by DAIL In order to ensure technical maintenance and utility, easy accessibility for differently abled adult students and also provision of needed tools for repair and replacement when necessary and can start their own business of Xerox, Lamination, Binding and Spiral binding.This type of technical training will help them personally and in general their families can have an opportunity to start self-business with the support of family members and guidance of technical Instructors of DAIL.This Section of NIMH which is giving equal priority for social and community services in order to develop exposure and importance of action oriented with practical experiences by rendering services to their disabled students that helps them to achieve a balanced psychology and firmness in their decision making, goal setting and mental strength which leads them to acquire certain technical qualities.Because, this study is mainly aiming to evaluate how far their young differently abled adults improved technical qualities could be developed among students by learning how to use with the provision of simple assistive technical devices.
These Vocational training units of NIEPID aiming to plan provides and promote Job opportunities and work place adjustments to bring out all round development for the differently abled adult students to overcome their disabilities in a certain areas by describing and determining the status of phenomenon and preparing them how to adjust in work places.

Sample:
A stratified random sample of Male and Female 20 adult students with different economic backgrounds hailing from City, Urban, Sub-urban and Rural areas who are undergoing vocational training at DAIL was selected depending on their intellectual disabilities.

Objectives
The objectives of the study were: 1.To provide need based and skill based self-dependent and self-sustenance in related trades training services for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities 2. To create awareness on vocational trade services training and rehabilitation among the parents/siblings 3. To discuss the process of vocational training and components of job analysis 4. To make them learn independent living skills in the community and make them aware about their rights to live with dignity. 5. To analyse the parent's perception of the best type of employment for their differently abled adult children with ID 6.To study views on the perceived effects of integrated employment and barriers to such inclusion.

Analysis
In the present situation based on applicability of scientific knowledge helping the Intellectual disabled children from positive psychology frameworks and from the strengths-based approach through which they can learn natural language and understanding language is currently focussed by special education and vocational training centres for differently abled children.Under this framework, selfdetermined, Selfadequacy action is including and able to implement practically by three essential characteristics: vocational training action, Self -governing action, and action-control beliefs.Vocational action refers to the extent to which a person makes intentional, conscious choices based on differently abled adult choice and interests.Self -governing action involves self-directing and managing actions in service of a chosen work area and implies identifying different ways and methods to solve their disable problem, engaging in self-directed action, and managing, self-regulating and evaluating the actions taken.In being engaged in vocational and Self -governing actions, differently abled adults after developing skills adjusted with self-confidence beliefs about their own performance and abilities.Action-control understanding by these special adults include control-expectancy, that is believing one's skills and resources will enable with the support of family and society, psychological empowerment, and selfknowledge of strengths and weakness to reach targets with the continuous of technical training in Vocational Centres.

Nature of Job
Assistant in Binding, Office Assistance, Sales Assistant, Self-Employment, Packing Assistance, Store Assistant, Tailor Assistant, Papad business , Assistance in Sewing machine operation and Screen printing, Helper In Canteen, Assistant Gardener, Helper in Dark Kitchen.The following table shows that 10% joined as Assistant in Binding, 20% as Office Assistants, 5% as Sales Assistant, 5% Self -Employment, 15% as Packing Assistants, 15% as Store Assistants, 5% Tailor Assistants, 5% Papad business, 5% Assistance in Sewing machine operation and Screen printing, 5% Helper In Canteen, 5% Assistant Gardener, 5% Helper in Dark Kitchen.

A case study methodology examined 1 .
Number of respondents, 2. Type of disability, 3. Frequency of contact and attending Vocational training, 4. Job placements 5. Satisfaction with family members and social support systems.The following are Work places and list of Nature of job where differently abled adult trainees from DAIL selected and pursuing training during the academic year 2022 -2023.Work Placement Sites:Marketing Pvt LTD, Coffee Day, Super Market, Photo copier@ Stationery Products, Sports and Garments, Anil Trading Company, Self-Employment, D Mart, Reliance Trends, Shubam Bhuyat, Eco Friendly Project, Paragon 9 Venus, Vijaya Health care, Gayathri Tiffin Centre, Vijaya Home for Elders, Cream Stone.