Person-Hood Issues Related to Artificial Intelligence

: The abstract explores the intricate and ethically challenging subject of personhood issues in the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI). As AI continues to advance, questions regarding the legal status, rights, and responsibilities of AI systems emerge, sparking a profound debate on whether AI entities should be granted personhood. The discussion begins by framing the current state of AI, acknowledging its increasing sophistication and integration into various aspects of human life. The focus then shifts to the core question: Should AI systems be endowed with legal personhood? This query becomes more pertinent as AI evolves towards achieving artificial general intelligence, comparable to human cognitive abilities. The abstract delves into the philosophical and ethical dimensions surrounding personhood, drawing parallels with historical debates on consciousness and humanity. The concept of personhood for AI is examined through the lens of ownership, accountability, representation, and management. The critical juncture is highlighted, where the evolution of AI, particularly towards artificial general intelligence, prompts a reassessment of the legal and ethical frameworks governing these entities. Notable considerations include the potential implications of personhood for AI, such as issues of ownership and accountability. The abstract raises thought-provoking scenarios, questioning the consequences of AI entities being granted legal status. The potential accumulation of wealth, rights, and influence by autonomous AI entities poses challenges to existing societal structures. Drawing on analogies from corporate law, the abstract explores the possibility of AI entities having a distinct legal status, separate from their human creators. However, it cautions against succumbing to the humanoid hype, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of the implications of granting legal personhood to AI. In conclusion, the abstract underscores the urgency of addressing personhood issues related to AI. It navigates through the complex intersection of technology, ethics, and law, encouraging a thoughtful approach to the evolving nature of AI entities and their potential impact on societal structures. As AI progresses, defining the legal and ethical boundaries of personhood for these entities becomes a pivotal task to ensure responsible and equitable integration into human society


INTRODUCTION
Artificial intelligence is not at all a new term it has existed since 1940s.It is Older than we imagine.Even there are the myths of Mechanical men in Ancient Greek and Egyptian Myths.The technology is developing at a very faster pace, the world is moving towards transformation.Artificial is something which is not created i.e., nor naturally created.Intelligence is related to the ability to understand in the sense the skill and practice in other way the functionality, capacity to store and recall is the quantitative attribute, creativity in the sense uniqueness, upgrading.AI has been an important part of our lives, we use AI through mobiles and internet.AI helps in solving business problems and improve business processes mainly the online ones.AI new inventions bring new realities to the social life that no one have experienced ever before.AI has made people life's easier and simpler.The definition of artificial intelligence is AI is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially the intelligent computer programs.It is basically concerned with getting the computers to do tasks that would normally require human intelligence.AI are generally software systems that use Machine Learning and deep learning to solve problems.Advancing the digital technology have direct influence on our lives, business and social life. 1 Due to which our daily lives are being influenced in a way we use mobile phones and active involvement on social media.Ai system is most influential of digital technologies.With AI it is easy to handle large data sets and provide speedy essentials.Artificial Intelligence now brings in unheard and unexpected innovations to the business world that many organizations will need to integrate to remain competitive and move further to lead the competitors.AI shapes our lives and social interactions through technology.There are certain AI applications which are specifically developed for providing the best services.AI applications that operate in the household apparatus helps at home by cooking or cleaning.There has been a rapid rise in the development of AI.Machine Learning and Deep learning are the applications of AI.Machine Learning involves the Algorithms whose performance improve as they are exposed to more data.Deep Learning is the subset of Machine Learning in which multi-layered neural networks learn from vast amounts of data.Some of the possible benefits of AI are, taking over mundane repetitive tasks, perform complex task in a fraction of time it takes a human also it produces outcomes that are easy to understand.AI machines can be deployed in hazardous environments, thus reducing risks to human, they complement human effort and AI systems are generally more consistent and reliable than human beings.While looking at the challenges and risks of AI, Developing a thinking AI system are currently too difficult to achieve in practice, Wide spread use of AI rises a no. of ethical, moral and legal issues that are yet to be addressed.Benefit of AI technologies accrue to a few rich and wealthy owners of investment capital.AI also posses high negative impact on traditional skills and increasing inequality as a result.In Computer science AI research is defined as the study of "intelligent agents".

HISTORY OF AI
The actual history is rather messy, but it tends to work out as follows.In the 1950s, a visionary mathematician named Norbert Wiener was testing a version of the Turing machine with a chess program.It worked and Turing called it "computers that think."The machine became known as the first "universal" machine, and it allowed theorists to explore the ramifications of the computational universe.2But it was too slow to accomplish its full promise.What makes the Turing machine so fascinating is that in theory the only reason it can achieve human-level intelligence is because of a very specific device it uses to store its data.In 1950, Alan Turing published a paper on the development of intelligent machines.John McCarthy provides his definition of artificial intelligence later in 1956. 3Reason searches, also known as means-to-end algorithms, were first developed in 1956 to "walk" straightforward decision paths and make decisions.The capacity to process word strings and solve intricate mathematical expressions was made possible by these methods.Natural language processing is the term for word processing.The beginning of game theory, which was realized in basic computer games, was also marked by these approaches, which led to the ability to formulate rules and logic for interpreting and formulating sentences.Between 1980 and 1987, logic rules and reasoning algorithms that resembled human experts were used to create complex systems.This sparked the development of expert systems, such as decision support tools that learned the "rules" of a particular knowledge domain, such as the ones a doctor would use when making a medical diagnosis.In contrast to humans, these systems were capable of complex reasoning but could not learn new rules to evolve and improve their decision-making.From 1993 to 2009, artificial intelligence saw the rise of biologically inspired software known as "neural networks."These networks mimic the process by which living things can identify intricate patterns and carry out intricate tasks.Character acknowledgment for tag perusers was perhaps the earliest application.Applications like deep learning and big data have gained prominence since 2010.Neural networks can now be trained with big data thanks to affordable gaming-related graphical processing units.The process by which humans learn to recognize and classify simple patterns into complex patterns is imitated by layering these networks.Automated facial and object detection and recognition, medical image diagnostics, financial patterns, and governance regulations all make use of this software.The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Life Long Learning Machines project aims to further develop AI algorithms so that they can continuously learn in ways that are comparable to those of humans.Earlier in 1923 Karel Capek play named "Rossum's Universal Robots" open in London, first use of the word "robot" in English.The foundations for neural networks were laid down in the year 1943.After the turing test in the year 1958 John McCarthy invented LISP programming language for AI.AI has evoluted in 5 stages till now, the first industrial revolution began in the 18 th century through the steam power and mechanisation of production.Industry 2.0 began with mass production, electricity and assembly line.The 3th revolution started with automated-computer production, electronics.Industry 4.0 gave a great comeback by cyber-physical systems, IoT, networking, machine learning.Industry 5.0 which is the present revolution deals with the human-robot collaboration, cognitive systems and customization.

AI AND CITIZENSHIP LAWS
The technology has unshackled the routine task of shifting through documents and looking for relevancies.There are various ways in which AI is being used in the legal industry.Taking Dubai's grant of citizenship to the intelligent robot Sophia, multiple people are aware of the importance of giving citizenship to artificial intelligence. 4If we look at the example of Sofia, she really has some cool facial abilities which make her look exactly like a human being.She can talk, move her mouth, move around, she is a humanoid and a fantastic robot.Certainly she is a kind of puppet.Outside of Sophia there is a chatbot server, hosted on cloud.Obviously there are human creators that amend Sophia from times to times.There is some really cool math involved in understanding natural language, and we can see some fantastically developed chatbots, as I receive one response and receive another.Nevertheless, a chatbot does not possess any mental faculties.It is purely an interaction program.In point of fact, when you ask questions like, "What color is the sky today?They cannot respond.Or respond How do you imagine it to be?"At the end of the day, that is not a human to develop a really cool chatbot.Additionally, they have a fantastic onboard computer.This begs the question Who has received citizenship from you?Is the body of Sophia a puppet?Is that controlled by the computer in their car?Does she have access to the cloud-based chatbots server?Let's just consider the repercussions.For instance, if the body of Sophia is replaced.Are the replacements citizens, or is she the only one?Is it controlled and interfaced by the computer?Or, perhaps, the cloud?What will happen if I copy this cloud server?Which one was Sophia originally?AI is changing our lives, this technology has the capability that is normally related to the human brain.Now in my point of view I have a problem with granting citizenship or legal personhood to something artificial.Giving citizenship to something artificial is a concern to think about.If we talk about the precedents, we see that today in companies, they have an artificial legal personhood, they can own assets and drive income, they get taxed.Ultimately there are share-holders and directors behind them.From Google setting up your 7.00 am alarm to make sure you reach office on time, This literally makes AI regulations and laws governing data privacy a requisite in today's time.It is therefore not surprising that the government of India is looking to regulate AI with a clear set of guidelines for how the AI is developed and implemented.One of the most honourable concepts for a human being, to be a citizen and all that brings with it, and now that citizenship is being given to a machine.5I personally don't think that human society is ready for citizen robots.It brings socia and ethical concerns that we as humans are not ready to manage.Citizenship is the most honourable status given to a person by the country is now facing an existential risk.We don't have such reliable mechanisms to assure us that these intelligent robot systems will behave ethically and in accordance with our moral values, or to protect us against them.Giving citizenship to robot concerns a lot for instance if AI is given citizenship hence it will be having the right to vote, But in this case who is making the decision on voting the robot or the manufacturer?Legal rights and social rights are the major concerns on giving the citizenship to a robot.Now lets see some of the concerns of social rights on giving the citizenship to robot.Now, as a citizen will Sophia the humanoid emotional robot, be allowed to marry or breed?If more robots join Sophia as citizens of the world, perhaps they too could claim their rights.These robots could also become citizens, they could easily exceed the human population.As the voting changes these robots will have the ability to create a societal change.Laws might change in accordance with them and humans could find themselves in a place they had not imagined.

PERSON-HOOD ISSUES
Various issues such as ownership, accountability, representation, and management with regard to AI have emerged.And such issues have brought us to a point where the major question arises "whether AI systems be given a legal status or not"?In the field of Artificial Intelligence, we are nearing a critical juncture that has previously only existed in science fiction stories.Criteria for artificial general intelligence (AGI), which designates machine intelligence reasonably equivalent to human intelligence, include built-in abilities for planning, puzzle-solving, reasoning, knowledge representation, learning, and communication. 6Ideally, such AI will pass the Turing test designed to assess the ability of machines to exhibit human-like intelligence and behavior.Although wildly entertaining, these fictional examples also represent some of the deep questions that tend to emerge in any AI-personhood debate, especially what if any rights should AI robots be granted?Is it ethical to deny AI robots personhood?Will granting AI personhood be problematic for the future of humanity?The concept of consciousness and person-hood has been debated by many philosophers and scientists since ancient times.AI is being more sophisticated and advanced every day.The existence of autonomous AI could also be empowered by owning property and businesses.And since these beings are technically immortal, the wealth they can amass through property is limitless.Instead of improving our daily lives, autonomous AI could spend the entire social order.The superior abilities of AI beings, combined with their personality status, can give them an edge over humans in many ways, from jobs to property to wealth ownership.These questions can be answered by looking at the company.A company can own assets.We can solve these problems by looking at corporate law and artificial entities, as they can sue themselves.You can register it somehow and you can get this entity and say, note that this is a separate legal entity, but whatever we do, we stand for a fictitious purpose: maybe it's a server.Programs may be registered.So, I think there's a good chance it will have a different legal status when more advanced AI is developed.But I think we should always remember not to get caught up in the humanoid hype.On the other hand, the problem is giving a robot legal personhood.What happens if Sophia replicates herself or creates another Sophia, will the other one be also a citizen as well, will she be having legal personhood.Can a normal human being marry her?Or what happens if I damage a robot, will I be trailed under assault.These are the major personhood issues of AI, and AI seems to be very helpful but at the same time it can be destructive to human life.

AI SCOPE IN TODAY'S WORLD
Emerging from the research world as a proof-of-concept, AI has strategically scaled to keep up with the pace of digitization.AI is preferred for its big data processing, end-to-end efficiency in deciphering complex processes, improved accuracy and assistance in decision-making, intelligent offers, and intelligent services (content, task automation, etc.).increase.Witness tremendous developments in healthcare, pharmacy, scientific research, and e-commerce.Interactive applications from Google, DeepMinds Alpha Fold, BenevolentAI, chatbots such as Clara and Zini.Aryoga Setu, Co-Win, Amazon, Zomato and Swiggy are among the few companies proving to be technological saviors during the pandemic.Every technology has some disadvantages, and the same goes for Artificial intelligence.Being so advantageous technology still, it has some disadvantages which we need to keep in our mind while creating an AI system.Following are the disadvantages of AI the first one is High Cost, The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots of maintenance to meet current world requirements and they Can't think out of the box, Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are trained, or programmed. 7Mainly, they have no feelings and emotions, AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it does not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with human, and may sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.It also Increases dependency on machines With the increment of technology, people are getting more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental capabilities.Lastly, they have no Original Creativity, As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative and imaginative.AI is being used to its extent in the present world but the use of AI is being obsessive in nature, people are not able to move themselves out of the virtual world, they are being attracted towards the new technology and inventions.If it continues in the same way the AI will take the upper hand and reach the position by which the AI can decide upon.Using AI with due care and limit can give various benefits and many can gain through this as said the AI is more intelligent than the human beings. 8They are High Accurate with less errors, AI machines or systems are prone to less errors and high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.They are of High-Speed, AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because of that AI systems can beat a chess champion • Email: editor@ijfmr.com

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January-February 2024 6 in the Chess game.Also, they are Highly reliable, AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action multiple times with high accuracy.Mainly, they are Useful for risky areas like AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.

CONCLUSION
In the future, intelligent machines will replace and augment human skills in many areas.Artificial intelligence is becoming a popular field in computer science because it has improved humans and have the capability to solve the impossibilities.The application areas of artificial intelligence have a tremendous impact on many areas of life, such as education, law, engineering, business, medicine, and weather forecasting, to solve complex problems in various fields.The work of many workers can be done with one machine.But artificial intelligence has another side.It's dangerous for us.Being totally dependent on machines can ruin our lives.I can't work alone, and I'm going to be lazy.Another drawback is the lack of a human feel.Therefore, the machine should only be used where it is needed.Overuse of the AI can cause serious troubles.We should understand the issues relating to AI and use the systems with due care.While coming to the legal sense of AI, before giving the citizenship to AI robots, the government should consider the social and legal trends.The main issue is, Is it really necessary to grant citizenship to the AI robots.
Are they satisfying the need to become citizens to the country.Artificial intelligence will bring about a major revolution in human history.Human civilization will thrive by augmenting human intelligence with artificial intelligence as long as technology remains useful.