A Quasi-Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program in Terms of Knowledge Regarding Road Safety Measures Among School Going Students in Govt. Girls Sen. Sec. School Portmore, Shimla, (H.P.)

Background: An undesirable or unfortunate happening that occurs unintentionally and usually results in harm, injury, damage, or loss; casualty; mishap on road is known as road accidents. There are some road safety measures to reduce the chances of road accidents which should be followed by individuals. The Aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program in terms of knowledge regarding road safety measures among School going Students. Objectives: To assess the knowledge regarding road safety measures among school going children,To develop and administer structured teaching program on knowledge regarding road safety measures among school going children,To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding road safety measures among school going children,To find out the association of knowledge regarding road safety measures among school going children with selected demographic variables. Methodology: Quantitative approach was adopted using the Quasi-experimental research design.60 sample were selected to collect the data by convenient sampling technique. The tools was used for the study was self structured questionnaire consisting of socio demographic characteristics and knowledge questionnaire. After conducting pre test, structured teaching programme on road safety measures was administered to the participants. Post test was conducted after gap of seven days. Result: The result


Introduction
According to WHO estimate's road side accident is the 9th.leading cause of death as per on the basis of daily.It is estimated that 1 million death and 15 million road side accidents occur on road every year.In 2013 global state report on road safety, they estimate that more than 231 ,000 people killed in road traffic accident in India every year.approximately half of the deaths in country on road are among vulnerable road users -motorcyclists, cyclists.About 58.1% and 38.2% were aware that penalty for driving without a helmet can be imposed among those who attend and didn't attend any program on road safety measures .In Himachal Pradesh, The Shimla district saw the maximum number of accidents at 973 (32%) , followed by district Mandi at 425 (14%).Chamba and Sirmaur districts witnessed 306 (10%) accidents.Children are at risk for road traffic injuries for a number of reasons.Younger children are limited by their physical, cognitive, and social development, making them more vulnerable in road traffic than adults ( Chaurasiya SK2020) Objectives 1.To assess the pretest knowledge score regarding road safety measures among School going Students in Govt.Girls Sen. Sec.School Portmore, Shimla (H.P.) 2. To develop and administer structured teaching program in terms of knowledge regarding road safety measures among School going Students in Govt.Girls Sen. Sec.School Portmore, Shimla (H.P.) 3. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program in terms of knowledge regarding road safety measures among School going Students in Govt.Girls Sen. Sec.School Portmore, Shimla (H.P.) 4. To find out the association of knowledge regarding road safety measures among school going students with their selected demographic variables.

Methodology
Quantitative approach was adopted using the Quasi-experimental research design.60sample were selected to collect the data by convenient sampling technique.The tools was used for the study consists of two sections.Section-A: It includes socio -demographic profile of the participants.Age, family type, area of residence ,educational status of parents, occupation of parents, family income,mode of travelling to school,outdoor games, source of knowledge regarding road safety measures Section-B: It include self-structured knowledge questionnaire consists of 30 items regarding road safety measures.To ensure the validity of tool, it was submitted to 13 experts.Approval was taken from ethical committee of Shimla Nursing College,Shurala, Shimla.Apart from this, written informed consents were taken from each study participants.Confidentiality and privacy of the study subjects was maintained.

Result
Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables revealed the major findings that out of 60 school going students, (61.7%) of subjects were having age group of 14-15 years.(100%)are of 10 th class students (66.7%) of school students lives in a nuclear family, (31.7%) of school students live in joint family, (43.3%) of fathers educational status is secondary education, (33.3%) fathers are self employed,private job,(41.7%)mothers having higher secondary education, (73.3%) mothers are homemaker,(63.3%)schoolstudents mode of travelling is public transport,(88.3%)school students play outdoor games, (93.3%) having previous knowledge regarding road safety measures.

Conclusion
The present study assessed the knowledge level regarding road safety measures among school going students in Govt.Girls Sen. Sec School Portmore ,Shimla H.P. The knowledge level of school students prior structured teaching programme was moderate.After the implementation of structured teaching programme, there was a significant improvement in the knowledge level regarding road safety measures among school going students in Govt.GirlsSen.Sec.School Portmore,Shimla,H.P.

Future Scope NURSING EDUCATION
Although education regarding road safety measures is given during nursing course, more emphasis needs to be laid on prevention of road traffic accidents.School going students can keep themselves safe from road safety measures.There must be adequate guidance, supervision and evaluation of school going students to ensure proper implementation of road safety measures regarding reducing incident of road traffic accidents.

NURSING RESEARCH
Research is essential for the maintenance of good practicemore the field expands, the more research becomes necessary.There is intense growth in road traffic accidents in school going children with associated problems such as neurological damage as well as physiological damage to the body.Due to which school going children can get permanent disabilities.
6. Reference 1. Chaurasiya SK, Jain PK, Kumar S, Bajpai PK, Ali N. Awareness and behavior patterns regarding road safety measures among undergraduate medical students of western Uttar Pradesh: a crosssectional study.International journal of community medicine and public health (Gujarat).2020;7(3):933-7.

Figure no. 1 :
Figure no.1 : Bar diagram showing the percentage distribution of pre-test knowledge

Figure no. 2 :Figure
Figure no.2:Bar diagram representing descriptive statistics of pre-test level of knowledge

Figure no7 :
Figure no.5: Triangle Shaped diagram representing descriptive statistics of post-test level of knowledge

Figure no9 :Figure . 10 Figure
Figure No. 8: Line diagram showing Individual Scores

Table - 1.2: Descriptive statistics of pre-test level of knowledge
Criterion Measures (PRE)

Table No 1.8: Table Showing Association of Scores and Demographic Variables.
This section deals with the findings related to the association between score and selected demographic variables.The chi-square test was used to determine the association between the score levels and selected demographic variables ASSOCIATION

OF PRETEST KNOWLEDGE SCORES WITH SELECTED SOCIO- DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES.
The Chi-square value shows that there is significance association between the score level and demographic variables (With no Significant Variables names).The calculated chi-square values were more than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.There is no significance association between the level of scores and other demographic variables (Age (Years), Gender, Class, Father's Educational Status, Mother's Educational Status, Father's Occupational Status, Mother's Occupational Status, Type of Family, Residential Area, Mode of Travelling To School, Do You Play Outdoor Games, Any Previous Knowledge About Road Safety) The calculated chi-square values were less than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.Post Score

Table No 1.9: Table Showing Association of Scores and Demographic Variables.
This section deals with the findings related to the association between score and selected demographic variables.The chi-square test was used to determine the association between the score levels and selected demographic variables ASSOCIATION

OF POSTTEST KNOWLEDGE SCORES WITH SELECTED SOCIO- DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES.
The Chi-square value shows that there is significance association between the score level and demographic variables (With no Significant Variables names).The calculated chi-square values were more than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.There is no significance association between the level of scores and other demographic variables (Age (Years), Gender, Class, Father's Educational Status, Mother's Educational Status, Father's Occupational Status, Mother's Occupational Status, Type of Family, Residential Area, Mode of Travelling To School, Do You Play Outdoor Games, Any Previous Knowledge About Road Safety) The calculated chi-square values were less than the table value at the 0.05 level of significance.