Formulation and Evaluation of Hair Cream by Using Herbal Extract

ABSRACT: Protein fibers called hair originate from hair follicles and extend into the skin's dermis. A typical worry is damaged hair, which can be caused by a number of things including heat style, stressors in the environment, and poor hair care techniques. It takes appropriate hair care practices to maintain healthy hair. According to the study's findings, extracts of Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Withania somnifera, Eclipta alba, Olea europea, and Nigella sativa were combined in various compositions to produce multifunctional effects on the scalp and hair, including antimicrobial, increased hair growth, prevention of hair fall, and prevention of hair graying. This shield of defense lessens the damaging effects of external stressors on hair and helps to stop more damage. By sealing the hair cuticles, hair cream abo helps to provide the appearance of smoother, glossier hair. The study's objective was to create a hair cream with botanical extracts.

$1500 billion, and it is projected to expand at a rate of 25% annually.Among all product categories, natural skin care products hold the largest market share in European nations.The two most developing European markets for herbal cosmetics are those in Germany and France.The main issue in examining global trade, especially in herbal cosmetics, is the paucity of statistical information on production and trade For over 5000 years, people in China and India have been aware of the medical benefits of many plants and herbs.India holds the second position in the global market share of herbal cosmetics, while China is the world's largest exporter of these products.The tremendous biological diversity of both nations contributes to the evolution of numerous plant and herb species.These nations are now the top exporters of herbal cosmetics thanks to the development of innovative and cutting-edge technology.Since most of the herbs are derived from wild sources, using them for the sustainable growth of the herbal cosmetic businesses requires a rational strategy.After deregulation, the Indian cosmetics business is rapidly evolving and changing.In the past few decades, it has significantly matured.The global economic recession has proven to be a significant obstacle for important players in the market, such as multinational corporations and limited sector firms, but it hasn't had an impact on the cosmetics industry's overall growth.It was predicted to be between fifteen and twenty percent.The market for ayurvedic products in India is projected to be worth Rs.2500 crore annually, of which the natural herbal cosmetics segment accounts for Rs.450 crore.The estimated value of the Indian personal care market, which includes bath and shower products, hair care, skin care, cosmetics, fragrances, and deodorants, is US$ 4 billion (about Rs. 20,000 crore).The soap market has expanded at a scents and underarm protectors.Over the past five years, the soap market has expanded at a rate of 5% annually, reaching a market size of US$ 1.5 billion (about Rs. 7,500 crores).The performance of this industrial sector is determined on the quality, price, marketing, and distribution methods of these consumer products.A distinct department of AYUSH was founded in India in March 1995 with the goal of advancing homeopathy and traditional medical systems.This gave the herbal cosmetic industry a platform and a push.The prospective growth rate of the Indian personal care market as a whole is 15-16% annually, which would allow it to double to US$ 8 billion (or around 40,000 crore) by 2012.

PHARMACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC ASPECT OF COSMETICS:
utilized in cosmeceuticals are classified as food.The use of cosmetics is restricted to improving looks.As dietary supplements or food additives, medicinal botanicals used in cosmeceuticals are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as safe.The FDA's standards for over-the-counter monographs do not apply to the herbs, and direct consumer marketing is permitted without the need for pharmacy status.As a result, there are no established guidelines for herbal potency, concentration in marketed products, safety, or effectiveness research Such products, used by people of all ages, are cosmetics.The cosmetics industry is globally recognized and has shown to be profitable.A wide range of cosmeceutical preparations, such as infant, bath, and washing solutions, are widely available in the market today.

HAIR:
A vital component of the human body is the hair.Its related issues include hair loss, frizz, unmanageable hair, low volume, conditioning, premature graying, dandruff, hair thinning, dullness, etc.The form, length, diameter, texture, and color of hair can all differ.There is also a chance that the hair's cross section round.triangular, asymmetrical, or compressed, affecting the hair's curl.Every mammal has hair.Its primary function is to control body temperature.It also seeks to function as a way organ, reduce friction, and protect against sunlight.Hair is a person's greatest asset and has a significant impact on their lives.In the past, hairs on the scalp were thought to provide protection.Additionally, hair contributes to the self-assurance and pride in an individual, regardless of their gender.A person's dream has always been to have black, healthy, glossy, and high-quality hair.Regardless of how long or short they are, everyone prioritizes keeping and maintaining them.

Fig. 2structure of hair
There are two sections to hair:

A folicle
The follicle is a structure in the skin that resembles a blub.A network of blood arteries that supply nutrients to nourish and promote hair growth may be located near the apex of the follicle.We refer to this as the papilla.The epidermis and dermis interact to produce each follicle.
The folicle is segmented into three parts: The infundibulum of a follicle extends from its surface opening to the level of its sebaceous gland entrance.
Isthmus: Stretches from the level of the arrector Pilli muscle insertion to the infundibulum.Subordinate segments: Dermal papilla, a loose band of vascularized connective tissue, invaginates the base of the bulb.The hair's papilla is full of blood vessels and offers Inferior segments: A tuft of loose, vascularized connective tissue known as the dermal papilla invaginates the base of the bulb.Numerous blood vessels can be found in the papilla of the hair, which alsonutrients for hair development The remnants of an epithelial sac, which are absent from nongrowing, spontaneouslyshed clubbed hair, can also encase hair.Of an adult's 100,000-105,000 scalp hairs (irrespective of gender), 90% are in the growing or anagen phase.10% of the population is still in the resting (telogen) phase

HAIR'S ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Between 80,000 to 120,000 essential terminal hairs grow on the scalp of healthy men and women.Keratin, which makes up hair, is created in hair follicles.Every hair follicle has recurrent cycles of growth and rest.For two to six years, a hair grows at a pace of around 0.3 mm per day, or 1 cm per month, during the growth (anagen) phase.The length of the anagen phase determines the maximum length of hair that can be achieved.The hair then falls out after a brief transitional (catagen) phase and a resting (telogen) phase that lasts for two to four months.The approximately 100,000 hairs on a person's head typically grow apart from one another.

TYPES OF HAIR LOSS:
There are various types of hair loss • Noncicatricial (potentially reversible) • Cicatricial • Due to hair shaft abnormalities ALOPECIA 1. Androgenetic alopecia AGA, or androgenetic alopecia, is the most prevalent kind of hair loss.Diffuse alopecia over the midfrontal scalp (female pattern hair loss) is the result when it affects women.Hair follicle miniaturization within follicular units is the cause of this process.It symbolizes a gradual decrease in the hair shaft's diameter, color, and length.The distinctive feature of AGA are these little hairs.The majority of AGA women get regular pregnancies and menses.In those who are genetically vulnerable, testosterone causes this condition.The patients have elevated levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5α-reductase activity in their hair follicles.activates the genes that cause the normal hair follicle to change into miniature follicles by binding to the androgen receptor and the hormone-receptor complex.The decrease in the quantity of terminal turning on the genes that cause the regular hair follicle to shrink into smaller follicles.Diffuse alopecia is caused by a decrease in the number of terminal fibers per follicular unit.Androgenetic alopecia primarily has psychological effects.Men expect age-related hair loss, while women typically don't anticipate or want it to happen to them at any moment .

Fig. 3 -androgenetic alopecia 2. Alopecia areata
An inflammatory, non-scarring autoimmune disorder that causes hair loss on the scalp and/or body is called alopecia areata (AA).It causes sporadic hair loss and affects up to 2% of the population.It can result in the loss of all body hair (alopecia universalis) or only the scalp (alopecia totalis).The peribulbar region has an inflammatory lymphocytic infiltration and more catagen and telogen follicles, according to histopathology

Fig. 4 -Alopecia areata 3. Chemotherapy induced alopecia
The majority of cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapy drugs cause alopecia by destroying the hair follicle's rapidly dividing epithelium.The intensity and prevalence of this form of hair loss are correlated with the chosen chemotherapeutic drug and treatment regimen.In the chemotherapy induced alopecia disease of hair 65% of hair loss may be occur .Anagen effluvium brought on by chemotherapy is typically reversible, yet some chemotherapy regimens have the potential to result in irreversible alopecia.When hair regrows in certain situations, there may be moderate to extremely severe hair loss and altered texture.Even though chemotherapy-induced baldness is temporary, it can have catastrophic psychological effects, particularly for women.

Fig. 5 -chemotherapy of alopecia 4. Trichotilomania
At least 3.7 million Americans suffer with trichotillomania, sometimes referred to as hair pulling disorder, an impulse-control condition that significantly impairs functioning.The insatiable urge to alter and rip out hair is a defining feature of this illness.The condition usually manifests in childhood, usually around preschool or preadolescent years, and is seven times more common in children than in adults.The disorder could start off as a habit, much as thumb sucking or nail biting.Physical examination reveals irregularly shaped hair loss areas with strange borders.Short, broken hairs of varying lengths are visible inside these spots.Minimally invasive behavioral therapies and appropriate psychoeducation are viable therapy for this prevalent It is clear that the lengths vary.For this prevalent disease, appropriate psychoeducation and minimally invasive behavioral therapies are viable therapy.

TELOGEN EFFLUVIUM
Telogen effluvium (TE) is a condition in which the hair cycle is disturbed, leading to an accelerated loss of typical club hairs.Kligman initially reported it in 1961, and his theory was that the follicle tends to behave similarly, leading to an early termination of anagen, regardless of the reason of hair loss.Due to the high percentage of subclinical cases, the actual incidence is unknown.Stress, medications, and iron deficiency are common causes of TE .

Fig. 7 -Telogen effluvium AIM AND OBJECTIVES: AIM:
The aim of the present study is to carry out the formulation and standardization of multipurpose herbal hair cream.

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the current study is to, Prevent hair fall

GLOBAL PLANT MATERIAL COLLECTION
After purchasing powdered crude plant material from Siddha Pharmacy and verifying basic quality control parameters, the powdered material was put through the Soxhlet apparatus extraction process.

PROCEDURE FOR EXTRACION
The finely powdered materialundergo the Soxhlet extraction method by using hydroalcoholic solvent (70%ethanol and 30%water) for a duration of three successive days (72hrs) the temperature should not exceeding more than 100• C. The dark green color hydroalcoholic extract was collected, filtered and the filtrate was subjected to concentrated under reduced pressure using rotatory vacuum evaporator.The concentrated product was freeze dried and the product was finally used for further experimental studies.The same procedure was followed for the crude drug ashwagandha, bhringraj and hibiscus.

Fig. 13 -Soxhlet extraction PROCEDURE FOR FORMULATIONS
The type of ( o/w ) hair cream was select to study.The ingredients such as steric acid and oil soluble components bees wax , lanoline , cetyl alcohol, olive oil were dissolved in oil phase.The other water-soluble components (extract of Eclipta Alba, WithaniaSomnifera, Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis) and triethanolamine were dissolved in the aqueous phase (part B).Both the mixture A and B heated in a water bath until reaches 700 C.After that aqueous phase was mixed with oil phase with constant stirring.Finally add preservatives and perfume.Qs Qs

EVALUATION OF CREAM :
Appearance: from the colour ,texture and roughness of cream the appearance was obseverd.pH of the cream: pH was determined by using standard buffer solution.Take 1 g of cream is dissolved in about 100ml of distilled water and its pH was determined.Viscosity: viscosity of formulation is determined by using Brookfield viscometer at 100 rpm .Dye test: Place a drop of the cream on a microscopic slide covers it with a cover slip, and examine it under a microscope.If the disperse globules appear red and the ground colorless that is o/w type emulsion.The reverse condition occurs in w/o type emulsioni.e. the disperse globules appear colorless in the red ground.Acid value: Take 5 gm of cream and dissolved in 25 ml mixture of alcohol and solvent ether, then the flask was fixed to reflux condenser and heated until the content was dissolved completely, then add 1ml of phenolphthalein and it is titrated with 0.1N NaOH until light pink color appears after shaking the flask for 30 seconds Acid value = n×5.61/wn = Amount of NaOH required W = weight of the substance Saponification value: Introduce about 2g of substance refluxed with 25ml of 0.5 N alcoholic KOH for 30 Saponification value minutes to this 1ml of phenolphthalein added and titrated immediately, with 0.5 N HCl.
Saponification value = (b-a)×28.05/wa = Titrant volume (ml) b = The volume in ml of titrant w = Substance weight (gm) Homogeneity: formulation were checked by visual appearance or by a touch.Irritancy test: Mark an area (1sq.cm) on the left side of the scalp surface.The cream was applied to specific area of the skin and note the result .Irritancy, edema, erythema was checked if any for regular intervals up to 24hrs and reported.

Rheological studies:
The formulated cream was found to be Non -Newtonian.Take a fixed quantity 10grams of cream in a 10 ml beaker.Keep it impact for 1 hr. the beaker that contains cream was inclined at one side and see whether cream is changes to liquified or a not.
Stability testing: Stability of herbal hair cream was determined by centrifugation studies the cream were centrifuged at 3500-13500 rpm at the interval of 10 minutes and further observe for phase.Type of smear: It determined by applying the cream on the skin surface on human volunteer.After the use of cream , smear formed on the skin.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION :
Formulation F1 and F2 was successfully completed with respective procedures and then the formulations F1 and F2 was evaluated for its stability, so the basis standardization parameters was calculated .

Fig. 14 -Herbal hair cream
We have to perform two formulation batches i.e. (F1 and F2) and evaluated.From the evaluation study F1 formulation more stable than F2 formulation.In the present work decided to extract crude powder drug and formulate herbal hair cream.The herbal hair cream was O/W type of emulsion hence, it can be removed easily by water that gives better customer complaints.So, the better formulation F1 choosed for further in-vitro studies

SUMMARY
The aim and objective of present work was to formulate and evaluate multipurpose herbal hair cream for treat several scalp and hair follicle related problems.It should be stimulate hair growth, hair follicle stimulations and it can able to act against bacterial and fungal related disease.So, our research study completely focused on selections of pharmacologically potent herbal drug, it should be control hair fall and scalp related microbial diseases.The plants are more potent healers because they promote the repair mechanism in the natural way.In the study, the formulation of herbal hair cream was prepared using herbal plant extracts such as daisy, hibiscus , winter cherry, black cumin .The cream type was O/W emulsion, this type of emulsion generally non-greasy, easily removed by water and it is more suitable for transdermal drug delivery system .wehave totally two formulations were prepared (F1 and F2) with different ratio of oil and aqueous phase.The formulation F1 and F2 evaluated for its physiochemical evaluation such as appearance, pH, viscosity, dye test, acid value, saponification value, homogeneity, irritancy test, rheological studies based on the evaluation study, stability test the F1 formulation is more stable than F2 formulation so, the F1 formulation choosed for in-vitro antimicrobial study, it was performed by using well diffusion method totally two different stains staphylococcus aureus (bacteria) and candida albicans (fungus) were used.Both the microbial growth was significantly inhibited by herbal hair cream.Then the cream was objected to sun protection factor analysis by UV spectrometric method and the result of the study was positively noted.It has ability to block 50% of UV rays from sunlight.From the present study it can be concluded that it has significant antimicrobial activity and UV protection activity so we can continue with further in-vivo studies.

CONCLUSION
According to the study's findings, extracts from Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Withania somnifera, Eclipta alba, Olea Europea, and Nigella sativa were combined in various compositions to produce multifunctional effects on the scalp and hair, including antimicrobial, hair fall prevention, increased hair growth and follicles, hair greying prevention, hair dryness prevention, and UV radiation protection.We are aware that using a single herb will not provide an effective result, but using a variety of extracts can improve the formulation's efficacy.The evaluation research verified the results, which showed that the F1 formulation was more stable than the F2 formulation.Thus, the F1 formulation was used in additional in-vitro experiments, which demonstrated strong antibacterial and UV protection activities.In-vivo pharmacological evaluation can be used to conduct more thorough research.
Three layers comprise the hair shaft: a) Medula: The medulla is the center of the hair.It will either be continuous or doubled, segmented or broken apart.It is frequently a cell-filled tube or hollow.While some hairs have discontinuous or fractured medullas, the majority of hairs do not.It shapes the hair shaft's midsection.Particularly fine hairs typically lack this layer.b) Cortex: The greatest portion of the hair shaft, or melanin (hair pigment), is what gives hair its color.c) Cuticle: There are a few possible Cortex: The greatest portion of the hair shaft, or melanin (hair pigment), is what gives hair its color.The hair shaft's transparent outer coat may be called the cuticle.It is composed of overlapping scalp that shield the hair's inner layers.The hair's proximal end, which is closest to the scalp, and distal end are where the scales point CYCLE OF HAIR: Every type of hair passes through a recurring cycle of active growth and rest.Each cycle's relative length varies depending on the person's age and the body part involved.the area where hair grows.The follicle's cycle phase is distinguished by three distinct stages: anagen, or active growth, catagen, or intermediate period, and telogen, or resting stage.A. Phase of anagen As the follicle reaches its maximum length, the matrix cells proliferate and create the internal root sheath, hair shaft cortex and medulla, as well as the cuticular layers that cover the hair shaft and inner sheath.The inner and outer sheaths of epilated anagen hair are still attacA.hedand encircle the hair B. Phase of Catagen Two characteristics set involutional hair apart from telogen (clubbed) hair: Compared to clubbed hair, the keratinized (proximal) portions of it are darker.Its exterior and inner sheaths are in better condition C. Phase of telogen

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Fig. 8 -Daisy MEDICINAL USES • Nourishes the scalp and hair follicles • Promotes hair growth and cures baldness • Treats dandruff and scalp itchiness • Reduce hair fall • Stops premature greying of hair • Treats scalp infection • Give shine to hair • Darken the hair

Fig. 11 -
Fig.11 -Black cumin MEDICINAL USES • Reduce irritation from your scalp • Help your scalp become dandruff free • Natural moisturizer for hair and scalp • Promote hair growth • Prevents hair loss • It is powerful antioxidant,reduce inflammation or swelling • Heals and strengthens hair and scalp Mycotic condition: it is recognized that dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis represent opposite extremes of a same disease spectrum resulting from Malassezia species .Parasitic capitis: Pediculosis humanus capitis infection is the cause of pediculosis capitis Conditions characterized by inflammation: distinct erythematous plaques coated in silver-grey scale are the hallmark of psoriasis.The bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is frequently accountable for folliculitis.
A. Controlling one's body temperature B. reduces the friction C. defends against solar radiation D. serves as an organ of senses HAIR DISEASE CAUSES OF HAIR LOSS • Reduction in hair follicle function due to male hormones • Reduction in metabolic function of hair follicles and hair bulb • Reduction in scalp physiological functions • Local impairment of the circulation due to tension in the scalp • Common causes of hair fall such as stress,eating habits,lack of protein • Hormonal changes and medical conditions • Radiation therapy to the head o Haistyles and treatments o Medications and supplements