Pharmacological Action of Padmak Agada in Skin Ailments

Agada means medications with antitoxic characteristics. They are employed in the fight against Gada , which is defined as illness, pain, discomfort, or morbid conditions brought by poisoning of any kind.Ayurveda mentions numerous formulations for the treatment of various poisons,in Ashtanghridayam, Keeta lootadivisha pratishedham adhyaya 37, Acharaya Vagbhata has mentioned numerous formulations. Padmak Agada lepa is one of those formulations . It is recommended for treating all kinds of insect bites, including Keeta and Loota visha. Skin ailments are produced by these bite.Padmak Agada lepa has to be used as local applications. There are five ingredients in it: Ghrita, Madhu, Priyangu, Haridra, and Daruharidra.This formulation can be a good choice to be used widely in practice because ingredients are easily available and the preparation and preservation process is straightforward and easy. Padmak Agada lepa has been investigated for its pharmacological properties for possible therapeutic uses.


Introduction:
Ayurveda is the medical science known to human & primarily aims at long and sound healthy lives, unlike other medical sciences which concentrate only on the treatment of illnesses and ailments.Ayurvedic science holds for a person to live a healthy life and the body's internal constituent elements must be in proper balance .Agadtantra is one among the primary branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda that addresses toxicological circumstances and how to manage them.Not only that, but Acharya Vagbhata in Uttaratantra of Ashtanga Hridaya and acharya Sushruta in kalpasthana of Sushruta samhita have both recounted the origin of Visha .The word Vishaad which means depression or sorrow, is the source of the term Visha [1].Agada are medications used as counter measures or substances with anti-poisoning qualities, where in Agadtantra includes various Agadas for the treatment of different kinds of Sthavar Visha (vegetable and mineral poisons) and Jangam Visha (animal poisons).Agadas described in the texts, are effective against various kinds of Visha, or poisons, including Dooshi, Sarpa, Loota, and Keeta,Mooshaka etc. Keeta visha is discussed by acharya Sushrut in the eighth chapter of kalpasthana [2] .The 37 th chapter of Uttar Sthana in Ashtanghridaya contains a thorough description of the signs and remedies of various Keeta-dansha .Acharya Vagbhata states that common symptoms of all Keeta-dansha include heaviness in the head and eyes, dizziness, dyspnea, pain, swelling, fever, itching, and anorexia [3] .Acharya stated that insects in the dooshi visha category can discolour the body part, like red, white, black, or brownish black.The area which is bitten by kitavisha manifests with inflammation and rashes.The patient experiences burning and itching sensations, sloughing, erysipelas, and suppuration .Growing edema is the result of being bitten by a pranahara (fatal) category insect.Acharya Sushrut states that shula, daha, visarpa, jwara, angamarda, romanch, chhardi, atisara, trishna, murchha, jrumbha, shwasa, hikka, atisheeta, shopha, mandala, dadru, karnika, kitibha, and so on are caused by the poisonous keeta [4 ].In Ashtanghridaya uttar tantra in chapter 37 th acharya has describes Padmak Agada lepa.It is mentioned as treatment in all Loota and Keeta Visha varieties [5].Because Padmak Agada lepa can be used to treat any kind of Keeta Visha symptom, it is referred to as Sarvakamika.It has internal and external applications.Priyangu, Madhu, Ghrita, Haridra and Daruharidra are components in Padmak Agada lepa [6].

Aim of the study
To study the pharmacological action of Padmak Agada lepa in skin ailments.

Materials and methods
A detailed systemic review of literature was done.Data was collected from classics of Ayurveda contemporary literature, available research updates and scientific information available on the internet; was analyzed and interpreted relevantly.

Discussion
Acharya Sushruta explains the visha prayog marga in Sushrutsamhita's kalpasthna.Contact poisoning or sparsha is a type of visha prayog marga.When a poisonous material touches with the body parts, symptoms appear in the area that comes in contact .Priyangu, Haridra, Daruharidra, Madhu, and Ghrita are the ingredients of Padmak Agada lepa.All the ingredients are primarily dahaprashaman, vedanashamak, vishaghna, vranaropaka etc. and directly affects the skin.Priyangu has astringent bitter and sweat taste ,and due to cooling potency it is useful in burning sensation of body and blood disorders due to various pitta dosha.It reduces swelling and pain.It is cooling and rejuvenative in properties hence useful in skin diseases [25].Daruharidra has bitter and astringent test and hot potency.It helps in reducing the pruritis due to its kandughna property.It has shothaghna ( anti inflammatory )action hence helps in reducing pain and swelling , cures and heals ulcers .It is diaphoretic so useful in skin disease like pruritis , boils etc [26].Haridra has bitter and pungent taste and hot potency .It has varnya property so helps in reducing discoloration and improving smooth complexion of skin .It is potent antipruritic agent hence used in skin eruption due to sheetapitta .It also helps in drying the wounds and lesions [27].According to Aacharya Vagbhatta ghrita enhances Dhi, samriti, medha.It enhances kanti (lusture).It is beneficial for individual suffering from injury, depletion , burn.Ghrita is also described to alleviate poisons.Acharya Vagabhatta, the author of Ashtanga Hridaya and Ashtanga Sangraha, has additionally described Ghrita to be also beneficial for patient suffering from tumors, sinuses, ulcers and worms diseases.Ghrita has penetrating and unctuous property along with being light in digestion as well as has sweet taste, cold potency and sweet post digestion effect (Madhur vipak) .All these properties make it a great lubricating medium for use in both internal and external applications.Because ghrita carries the effect of Sanskarohigunantaradhanam (yogvahi), it has been called the most unique drug [28].This characteristic of ghrita makes it a great vehicle for the delivery of drugs, and its spreading tendency helps all of the medicinal qualities seep into the deepest tissues.Madhu (honey)though being pacifying the three vitiated doshas, predominantly pacifies kapha by its sweat astringent taste, ruksha(dry) guna ,sheet veerya and madhur vipak.Sheeta veerya (cold), madhura vipaka, and sukshma marga anusari prabhava ( capacity to infiltrate through microchannels).It's kashay rasa offers lekhana (scraping) which aids in desloughing and gets the wound ready for healing.Madhura rasa delivers nourishment to the tissue, which aids in the creation of granulation tissue.Because of its shodhana (purification), ropana (healing), and sandhana (union) effects, Madhu has the remarkable ability to heal the wound [29].Pharmacological actions of these drug are antibacterial, analgesic, antifungal, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antiulcerogenic and antitoxic.Most of these drugs have katu Vipaka, ushana veerya, katu, tikta, kashaya Rasa, and vishaghna, krimihara, kushthaghana, twagdoshahara, deepaniya, shothahara, karma.The synergistic effect of all these drugs makes it potential to treat skin lesions and also healthy for skin (twachya), by increasing complexion and luster of the skin.

CONCLUSION
Aacharya Vaghbhata in ashtanghridaya, adhyaya 37th 'Keet-Loota Vishpratishedh' has mentioned Padmak Agada lepa.Keeta loota visha mainly mainifes skin ailments.In Padmak Agada lepa diaphoretic action of Daruharidra ,antitoxic action of Haridra and Priyangu and healing action of Madhu and Ghrita , helps in pacifying the toxicity of various poisons like keeta and loota and cures skin diseases/lesions caused by them,and thus can be an effective remeidy in insect bite mainefestations.And can be clinically used effectively.