Analysis of Construction Safety Implementation in the Post-Covid-19 Pandemic Era: A Case Study on Infectious Disease Prevention in Construction Projects

This research will discuss the Analysis of Construction Safety Implementation Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Infectious Disease Prevention in Construction Projects. The study employs descriptive qualitative analysis and taxonomy methods, with data obtained from questionnaires on construction projects related to the implementation of health protocols post-COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that 29.41% of projects still apply health protocols post-pandemic. The preparations made by service providers from several state-owned enterprises comply with the health protocols outlined in the COVID-19 Handling Task Force Circular Letter SE No. 1 of 2023 regarding Health Protocols during the Endemic Transition Period of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Subsequently, a taxonomy analysis was conducted to produce recommendations for health protocol management in post-pandemic construction projects. The analysis concludes that while several ongoing construction projects are reasonably good at applying health protocols post-pandemic, improvements are needed, and the recommendations provided in this study could be utilized.


Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic, which struck the world in 2019, has transformed various aspects of society and posed new challenges across all industry sectors.Declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, COVID-19 has significantly changed human life.From the onset of the pandemic until its conclusion, the construction sector has been notably impacted.Economic activity restrictions, health protocols, and changes in public behavior during the pandemic have significantly affected construction project implementation.In Indonesia, the social restriction policy (PSBB) was implemented by the government to mitigate the spread of the virus, causing disruptions across various sectors, including construction projects.By June 2023, the government removed mandatory health protocol regulations, including mask use and COVID-19 vaccination requirements.This marked a transition period to post-pandemic times, although COVID-19 has not completely disappeared and continues to present new challenges regarding postpandemic health protocols in construction environments.Health protocols in the post-pandemic era are • Email: editor@ijfmr.com

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Volume 6, Issue 4, July-August 2024 2 crucial to ensuring protection for the workforce.COVID-19 has not entirely vanished and continues to circulate, mutating and producing new variants.Since the government lifted mandatory health protocol regulations in June 2023, there has been an increase in COVID-19 cases.As illustrated in the image below, from November 2023 to January 2024, there was a rise in COVID-19 cases and deaths.Efforts to manage infectious diseases in the construction sector must focus on promotional and preventive aspects, with the aim of reducing the spread of infectious diseases among construction workers.This will help construction projects minimize disease spread and better prepare for potential future pandemics.
Therefore, this research will discuss the Analysis of Construction Safety Implementation Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Infectious Disease Prevention in Construction Projects.This study aims to contribute to the enhancement of occupational safety and health and improve construction project performance in the post-pandemic era.

Objective
The objectives of this research are as follows: 1.To identify the implementation of health protocols in construction projects following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.2. To identify preparations for handling infectious disease prevention in construction projects.3. To provide recommendations for health protocols that can be suggested for construction projects during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period.

Methodology
This research was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative methods, obtained through data collection via questionnaires, literature such as journals, previous theses, government policies or regulations, and books relevant to the study.The questionnaire data was then analyzed using descriptive analysis.The qualitative descriptive analysis aimed to depict the implementation of health protocols in construction projects following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.Subsequently, taxonomy analysis was conducted to produce recommendations for managing health protocols in post-pandemic construction projects.Using the taxonomy analysis method, the results involved observations to create a picture or pattern, which would then lead to recommendations for health protocols in construction projects during the post-pandemic period.

Descriptive Analysis and Identification of Health Protocol Implementation in Construction
Projects Following the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic From the research results of the Analysis of Construction Safety Implementation in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Case Study of Infectious Disease Prevention in Construction Projects, data from a sample of 7 projects (4 State-Owned Enterprises) revealed that the research subjects included 3 road projects, 1 building project, 1 pump station project, and 1 EPC project.The project value overview from the research indicates that the ongoing projects have values ≥ 250,000,000,000.00.This means the research results pertain to large-scale construction projects.In this study, a questionnaire was conducted with questions based on the identification of potential COVID-19 transmission activities in indoor and outdoor settings by Ratih Dewi Shima in the study titled "Review of COVID-19 Health Protocol Standards for Construction Service Environments" in 2022.Below is a table of the checklist results for health protocol implementation in construction projects following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.. Is disinfection still performed before using tools and before hand transfers?7 3 Are field workers still provided with disposable latex gloves? 5 4 Is there still a limit on the number of workers directing the concrete hose in narrow zones?6 5 Is the use of latex gloves and disinfection before using vibrators still required?7 The measurement of health protocol implementation variables in construction projects post-COVID-19 pandemic uses "yes" or "no" options.Out of 61 questions posed in the questionnaire, 105 responses were "yes" and 252 responses were "no," indicating that 29.41% of projects still implement health protocols post-pandemic.This is based on the questionnaire questions with details on each activity in both enclosed and open spaces, as shown in the following image.).This circular states that large-scale activities are advised to continue with protective measures through preventive and promotive efforts, and to maintain oversight, guidance, enforcement, and actions regarding the implementation of health protocols.

Identification of Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Health Protocol Recommendations through Taxonomy Analysis
From the data analysis related to the implementation of health protocols in construction projects post-COVID-19 pandemic, an identification process was carried out to generate health protocol recommendations based on the latest ISO standards, namely ISO 45006:2023.The data analysis conducted is taxonomy analysis, which uses ISO 45001:2018 and ISO 45006:2023 and will be aligned with Minister of Public Works and Housing Regulation No. 10 of 2021.The pattern from the taxonomy analysis in this study is an extension of previous research, specifically the thesis by Ratih Dewi Shima titled "Study of COVID-19 Health Protocol Standards for Construction Service Provider Environments."Based on ISO 45001:2018, Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (SMK3) are divided into 4 elements: "plan" (planning), "do" (implementation), "check" (checking), and "act" (improvement).These clauses are then developed into clauses related to infectious disease prevention as outlined in ISO 45006:2023.From the resulting taxonomy pattern, recommendations for health protocols in construction projects during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period will be derived.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Results of the Questionnaire on Indoor Activities

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Results of the Questionnaire on Activities in Fields