International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Volume 8 Issue 4
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Solvent-Free and Low-Impact Green Synthesis: Mechanochemical and Solid-State Catalytic Strategies for Sustainable Organic Transformations

Author(s) Dr. V. Manoj Kumar
Country India
Abstract The elimination of organic solvents from synthetic protocols represents one of the most impactful strategies for reducing environmental burdens in chemical manufacturing. While solvent substitution has historically dominated sustainability efforts, solvent-free methodologies fundamentally alter reaction thermodynamics, mass transfer phenomena, and process intensification metrics. This study presents a critical and quantitative evaluation of solvent-free transformations encompassing mechanochemical activation, solid-state heterogeneous catalysis, and multicomponent pharmaceutical syntheses. Reaction performance is analyzed through atom economy, E-factor, Process Mass Intensity (PMI), and energy input comparisons. Mechanistic insights reveal that mechanical activation promotes defect-mediated bond reorganization and localized thermal gradients, enabling rate acceleration beyond concentration effects alone. Industrial feasibility is examined through continuous extrusion platforms and catalyst recyclability metrics. The findings demonstrate that solvent-free methodologies can reduce waste generation by an order of magnitude while preserving synthetic versatility, positioning them as central technologies for next-generation sustainable manufacturing.
Keywords Atom Economy, E-factor, Low-impact Synthesis, Green Chemistry, Solvent-free Synthesis, Mechanochemistry, Solid-state Catalysis
Published In Conference / Special Issue (Volume 8 | Issue 3) - National Seminar on Sustainability in Focus: Innovations for Greener Tomorrow: A Multidisciplinary Approach (NSSFIGTMA-2025) (June 2026)
Published On 2026-06-24
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.NSSFIGTMA-2025.2003
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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