Digital Sovereignty in the Age of Cyber Security: Emerging Legal Issues and National Imperatives

Prabodh Kumar Garg; Syed Nuzhat Husain

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.61767

Digital Sovereignty in the Age of Cyber Security: Emerging Legal Issues and National Imperatives

Author(s)	Dr. Prabodh Kumar Garg, Dr. Syed Nuzhat Husain
Country	India
Abstract	In the digital age, cyberspace has emerged as a vital domain influencing national security, economic development, governance, and individual rights. As nations become increasingly reliant on digital infrastructure and data-driven systems, the threats posed by cybercrimes, data breaches, ransomware, and foreign surveillance have intensified. Consequently, cyber security law has become an essential legal and policy instrument to regulate, monitor, and secure the digital ecosystem. However, the scope of cyber regulation now extends beyond traditional cybercrime to encompass broader themes of digital sovereignty — the ability of a state to exercise legal and political control over its digital assets, data flow, and technology usage within its borders. This paper critically examines the evolving intersection between cyber security laws and digital sovereignty, with a special focus on the Indian context. It explores how various legal regimes — such as the Information Technology Act, 2000; CERT-In Guidelines; the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023; and the proposed Digital India Act — are shaping India’s digital governance framework. The paper also analyses comparative models from the European Union, China, and the United States to understand different approaches to sovereign digital control. Furthermore, the paper addresses the legal, ethical, and technical challenges involved in balancing cyber security, data privacy, innovation, and individual rights. It argues that a robust and adaptive legal architecture is essential to protect national interests, ensure citizen safety, and uphold constitutional values in the cyber age. The study concludes by offering legal and policy recommendations to strengthen India's digital sovereignty through strategic, rights-based, and globally aligned cyber laws.
Keywords	Cyber Security, Digital Privacy, Digital Personal Data, cyberspace, Digital Sovereignty
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-11-26
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.61767
Short DOI	https://doi.org/hbdr7n

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Digital Sovereignty in the Age of Cyber Security: Emerging Legal Issues and National Imperatives

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