International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Cyber‐Physical Convergence in Critical Infrastructure Security: A Comparative Review of Cybersecurity Strategies in the Water and Energy Sectors

Author(s) Tanay Kulkarni
Country United States
Abstract In today’s interconnected world, critical infrastructures—especially those in the water and energy sectors—are increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats. This review paper synthesizes and critically examines thirteen seminal studies that span technical analyses, organizational and human resource assessments, regulatory policy reviews, and cyber‐physical threat intelligence. The reviewed literature includes investigations into smart water networks, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) vulnerabilities, smart meter privacy concerns, state regulatory impacts, and comprehensive risk management frameworks. Through a detailed comparative analysis of methodologies, objectives, findings, and recommendations, this paper identifies common challenges and shared themes in the literature, such as the convergence of operational technology (OT) with information technology (IT), the criticality of multi‐stakeholder engagement, and the pressing need for integrated risk management frameworks. Tables and sectioned discussions delineate the nuances of each study while highlighting the synergies that can guide future research and policy development. The review concludes by recommending a more harmonized approach to cybersecurity in critical infrastructures, emphasizing the importance of continuous training, coordinated regulatory oversight, and the deployment of advanced threat intelligence systems. The findings of this review underscore that addressing cybersecurity in the water and energy sectors is not only a technical necessity but also a strategic imperative for national security and public safety.
Keywords Cybersecurity; Critical Infrastructure; Cyber‐Physical Systems; Water Sector; Energy Sector; SCADA; Smart Meters; Risk Management; Policy; Threat Intelligence
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 4, Issue 3, May-June 2022
Published On 2022-06-08
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i03.37530
Short DOI https://doi.org/g85spw
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