HIV Cure Strategies: A Focused Review

Author(s)	Bright Ansah Adjei, Nana Ansua Ababio, Jacob Narteh Kodji, Maame Achiaa Adu-Kofi, Nana Adu Gyamfi Ofori-Asumadu, Christiana Michael Akpan
Country	Ghana
Abstract	The persistence of latent HIV reservoirs remains the primary barrier to achieving HIV cure. Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication but cannot eliminate these reservoirs, necessitating innovative strategies to either annihilate or control the virus. This review discusses five key HIV cure strategies: (1) shock-and-kill, which aims to reactivate latent HIV for immune clearance; (2) block-and-lock, which seeks to silence viral transcription; (3) gene editing and stem cell transplantation, which offers precise removal or resistance to HIV; (4) broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) and immune-based therapies, which enhance immune responses against the virus; and (5) immune modulation and targeted activation, including toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, HIV-specific antigens, and immune checkpoint blockade. While each strategy shows promise, challenges such as reservoir heterogeneity, immune evasion, and scalability must be addressed. Combining these approaches may offer the best path toward a functional or sterilizing cure for HIV.
Keywords	HIV Cure Strategies, Latent Reservoirs, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2025
Published On	2025-03-20
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.39201

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