International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Volume 7 Issue 2
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The Unfinished Business of the Seas Limitations of UNCLOS III

Author(s) Mr. Md. Imran Wahab, Ms. Dymphna Hawkins
Country India
Abstract The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), while a significant achievement in international maritime law, is increasingly challenged by modern oceanic issues. This paper identifies key areas where UNCLOS III falls short, revealing its "unfinished business." Specifically, the convention lacks sufficient strength in environmental protection, climate change adaptation, marine biodiversity conservation, and the regulation of deep seabed mining. Furthermore, it presents weaknesses in addressing maritime security threats, resolving territorial disputes, and regulating emerging technologies. Issues surrounding the rights of landlocked states, contemporary maritime terrorism, and the complex legal implications of rising sea levels expose further inadequacies. Given evolving geopolitical tensions, technological advancements, and escalating environmental threats, an updated and adaptable legal framework is critical. This study argues for comprehensive amendments and supplementary agreements to fill these gaps, ensuring the continued relevance of UNCLOS III and promoting sustainable, equitable ocean governance in the 21st century.
Keywords UNCLOS III, Maritime governance, Environmental protection, Climate change, Marine biodiversity, Territorial disputes, Deep seabed mining, Maritime security, Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), Ocean law reform
Field Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2025
Published On 2025-04-10
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.41182
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9fcbk
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