International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Call for Paper Volume 7, Issue 2 (March-April 2025) Submit your research before last 3 days of April to publish your research paper in the issue of March-April.
Submit Research Paper Join as a Reviewer

Plagiarism is checked by the leading plagiarism checker TurnItIn

Call for Paper

Volume 7 Issue 2
March-April 2025

Submit your research paper

Indexing Partners
Academia Advanced Sciences Index Bielefeld Academic Search Engine CiteSeer DRJI Google Scholar Independent Search Engine & Directory Network ISI (International Scientific Indexing) Issuu Mendeley Research Networks
RefSeek ResearcherId - Thomson Reuters ResearchGate Scirus Scribd Semantic Scholar UTeM - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Wiki for Call for Papers WorldCat Zenodo

A Heckscher-Ohlin Analysis of Philippine-Involved Bilateral Trade: Evidence from the Tinbergen Gravity Model

Author(s) Ms. Erika Hermano Yabut, Mr. Keanu Go Eco
Country Philippines
Abstract This study investigates Philippine-involved bilateral trade with 25 key partner countries—including the United States, Japan, China, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Germany, the Netherlands, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Australia, France, the United Kingdom, India, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, the Russian Federation, Belgium, Italy, Brazil, Switzerland and Ireland—from 2011 to 2018. Anchored in the Heckscher-Ohlin (1933) theory and the Tinbergen Gravity Model (1962), the research assesses how factor endowments—capital, labor, and land—along with per capita GDP, population, remoteness, and trade agreements, correlate with trade flows. Through pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, the results validate the Gravity Model, particularly with regard to remoteness and trade agreements. Partial support is found for the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, as GDP per capita, labor, and population aligned with expectancy, while capital and land deviated. The study demonstrates the nuanced nature of Philippine-involved bilateral trade and presents policy recommendations informed by the observed correlations.
Keywords Heckscher-Ohlin Theory, Gravity Model, Bilateral Trade, Factor Endowments, Capital Endowment, Labor Endowment, Land Endowment, GDP per Capita, Population, Remoteness, Trade Agreements, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
Field Sociology > Economics
Published In Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2025
Published On 2025-04-24
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.41542
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9gh8b
View / Download PDF File

Share this



E-ISSN 2582-2160
CrossRef

CrossRef DOI is assigned to each research paper published in our journal.

IJFMR DOI prefix is
10.36948/ijfmr

Downloads
Research Paper Format Copyright Permission Form and Undertaking Form Cover Page Vol 7 Isu 2Cover Page Vol 7 Isu 1Cover Page Vol 6 Isu 6

All research papers published on this website are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, and all rights belong to their respective authors/researchers.

CC-BY-SA Open Access

About IJFMR
Fees & Payment
Current Issue
Publication Archive 		Submit Research Paper
Track Submission Status
Publication Guidelines
Publication Ethics
Peer Review & Plagiarism 		Join as a Reviewer
Editors & Reviewers
Reviewer Referral Program
Get Reviewer Membership Certi. 		Website/Journal Policies
Usage Policy
Content Policies
Privacy Policy
Contact Us +91-9687-828-838 editor@ijfmr.com