International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Biodegradation of Oil Spills- a Review

Author(s) Dr. UJJWALA SUPE, Ms. SEJAL SINGH
Country India
Abstract Oil spills severely impact marine ecosystems, wildlife, and human activities, making effective cleanup strategies essential. Biodegradation, driven by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, plays a key role in breaking down petroleum hydrocarbons into non-toxic byproducts. The efficiency of microbial degradation depends on factors like nutrient availability, temperature, oxygen levels, and the chemical composition of the oil. Certain microbial species, including Alcanivorax borkumensis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce specialized enzymes and biosurfactants that accelerate hydrocarbon decomposition.
Phytoremediation has gained attention as an environmentally friendly method for addressing oil contamination. This approach utilizes plant-based processes, such as phytodegradation, rhizodegradation, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization, to break down or remove petroleum pollutants. Plants like Populus, Salix, and Tamarix support microbial activity in their root zones, aiding hydrocarbon degradation. However, challenges such as slow remediation rates, environmental fluctuations, and plant tolerance to oil contaminants hinder large-scale implementation.
Recent innovations in genetic engineering, microbial consortia, and nanotechnology offer new possibilities for improving both biodegradation and phytoremediation techniques. Integrating these bioremediation strategies could provide a more effective and sustainable approach to oil spill management. Future studies should focus on enhancing plant-microbe interactions and optimizing large-scale applications for environmental restoration.
Keywords Biodegradation, Oil Spills, hytoremediation, Rhizodegradation, hytostabilization
Field Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2025
Published On 2025-04-18
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.41735
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9f4wc
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