Prevalence and Pathological Features of Prostate Cancer in the Sunyani Teaching Hospital in Ghana in Sub-Saharan Africa. A 16-Year Retrospective Study.

Alexander Kofi Egote; Lawrence Owusu-Brenya; Cardinal Newton; Eunice Manza Egote

Prevalence and Pathological Features of Prostate Cancer in the Sunyani Teaching Hospital in Ghana in Sub-Saharan Africa. A 16-Year Retrospective Study.

Author(s)	Dr. Alexander Kofi Egote, Mr. Lawrence Owusu-Brenya, Dr. Cardinal Newton, Dr. Eunice Manza Egote
Country	Ghana
Abstract	Introduction A retrospective review was conducted of all prostate cancers diagnosed at the Urology Unit of the Sunyani Teaching Hospital between 2009 and 2024. Subjects 40 years of age and older were eligible for screening. Objective To find the Prevalence and Pathological Features of Prostate Cancer in the Sunyani Teaching Hospital Method Urological ultrasound scanning, digital rectal examination, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, family history, and histopathology (ultrasound-guided biopsy) with 12 to 16 cores as diagnostic and screening methods for prostate cancer were used. Information such as age, PSA results, and the year of screening or diagnosis was obtained from patient folders and archives. The diagnosis, carcinoma grade, perineural invasion, and percentage of tissues involved were among the histological results taken into consideration. According to the new scoring/grading method in use at the time of the study, the carcinomas were categorised into grade groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Men under 40 years were not allowed to participate in this study. Result The annual prevalence fluctuated over the years, with the highest cases recorded in 2010 (139 cases, 9.9%) and 2018 (134 cases, 9.6%), The mean age of patients was 70.49±9.97 years, PSA levels varied widely, with a median of 13.40 ng/mL (IQR: 7.30–27.30). Most cases had PSA values between 4-13.9 ng/ml (602 cases, 42.9%). Overall, the data highlights a higher prevalence of prostate cancer among older individuals, with considerable variation in PSA. Conclusion The findings underscore the high incidence of prostate cancer among older individuals, the significant variation in PSA levels, and the associations between Gleason grades and key pathological features such as perineural invasion and tissue involvement. The fluctuating trends in incidence from 2009 to 2024 reflect the dynamic nature of cancer epidemiology, influenced by various diagnostic and clinical factors
Keywords	: Prevalence, Serum Prostate Specific Antigen, Advanced Prostate Carcinoma, Benign Prostate Hyperplasia, Prostatitis.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2025
Published On	2025-05-10

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Prevalence and Pathological Features of Prostate Cancer in the Sunyani Teaching Hospital in Ghana in Sub-Saharan Africa. A 16-Year Retrospective Study.

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