Exploring Solar Activity and showing The Link Between Solar Flares and Sunspot Variability from December 2019 to April 2025.

Author(s)	Dr. Preeti Pandey, Shivakshi Shukla
Country	India
Abstract	Solar activity plays a crucial role in space weather and terrestrial climate, with sunspots and solar flares being two of its most prominent indicators. This study investigates the relationship between different types of solar flares and the variability in sunspot numbers from December 2019 to April 2025, covering a significant phase of Solar Cycle 25. Using observational data from space-based and ground-based solar monitoring instruments, we analyze the correlation between sunspot counts and the occurrence of solar flares, categorized by their intensity which are C, M, and X-class. Statistical techniques, including correlation analysis and trend modeling, are applied to assess the extent to which sunspot activity influences solar flare generation. The findings contribute to a better understanding of solar dynamics and may enhance space weather forecasting models. The results also provide insights into the predictability of high-energy solar events based on sunspot trends.
Keywords	Solar activity, solar flares, sunspots, Solar Cycle 25, space weather, solar variability
Field	Physical Science
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2025
Published On	2025-04-29
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.43130
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9g76h

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