Non-Invasive Vaccine Delivery System- A Review

JYOTHI KRISHNA V; DIVYA DHARSHINI J; RAHUL RAMESH; ANUJHA SELLAMUTHU

Non-Invasive Vaccine Delivery System- A Review

Author(s)	Ms. JYOTHI KRISHNA V, Ms. DIVYA DHARSHINI J, Mr. RAHUL RAMESH, Ms. ANUJHA SELLAMUTHU
Country	India
Abstract	Edible vaccines refer to a new method of administering vaccines where genetically engineered plants are employed to vaccinate against diseases by inducing the desired immune response without having to use needles and syringes to inject the vaccine. In this case, vaccines are introduced into the foods that are consumed by human beings. As plants that contain the antigen are consumed, the antigen induces the desired immune response. The first process involves selecting an immunoglobulin gene from a bacterium. To achieve this, the immunoglobulin gene is then incorporated into a cloning vector. The vector is then introduced into the plant using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The plant is then allowed to grow in plant tissue culture (PTC) to ensure that the antigen is stable. The plant is then allowed to mature. The mature plant is then allowed to produce the required antigen. The plant is then harvested and the antigen extracted. The plant is then allowed to produce the antigen in a bioreactor. This is followed by assessing the quantity of antigen that is being produced. The process of assessing the quantity of protein is carried out in a laboratory. The vaccines are then processed in the laboratory. The goal of this stage is to produce a biopharmaceutical that will be required for vaccination. The vaccine is then tested to ensure that it will be efficient in inducing the desired immune response. In this case, the antigenic protein is assessed to ensure that it is the protein that will stimulate the production of antibodies. During the process of producing an edible vaccine, the gene and the encoded protein are determined by using a suitable method. In this case, the DNA is determined by carrying out Polymerase chain reaction. The process of separating the gene from the rest of the human gene involves carrying out electrophoresis This approach improves vaccine accessibility, particularly in resource-limited regions, eliminating cold chain dependencies and reducing risks associated with injectable vaccines, thereby revolutionizing global immunization strategies.
Keywords	Edible vaccines, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Immunoglobulin gene, Plant Tissue Culture (PTC), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Field	Biology > Genetics / Molecular
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2025
Published On	2025-05-11

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Non-Invasive Vaccine Delivery System- A Review

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