International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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A Clinical Study of Refractive Errors in School-Aged Children Between The Age (8–17 Years): A Comprehensive Review

Author(s) Prof. Dr. PRASHANT GUPTA, Mr. Mohd. Tahseen Raja khan, Mr. Sukhdev Singh, Mr. Ashish Dhar Dwivedi
Country India
Abstract Refractive errors remain a leading cause of visual impairment in children worldwide, particularly in school-aged groups (8–17 years). Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism often go uncorrected, negatively impacting a child's education, psychological development, and quality of life. This review discusses the global prevalence, risk factors, classification, clinical diagnosis, and current management strategies for refractive errors in this population. The paper also underscores the importance of school-based vision screening and interventions to reduce the public health burden of childhood visual impairment. Several national and international studies have contributed to the understanding of REs in children. The Refractive Error Study in Children (RESC) conducted in multiple countries under WHO guidelines provided a standardized methodology to evaluate the burden of refractive errors. The findings consistently emphasized the need for school-based vision screenings, early correction, and public education programs. In India, regional studies from Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, and rural North India have provided valuable insights into the regional variation in RE prevalence and associated risk factors. This review article therefore aims to bridge the knowledge gap by providing a detailed and up-to-date synthesis of the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic methodologies, treatment options, and preventive strategies for refractive errors in children aged 8–17 years. It is designed to serve as a resource for clinicians, researchers, public health professionals, and educators in formulating strategies and interventions to tackle this pervasive issue. Ultimately, it advocates for a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to ensure that no child is left behind due to a correctable visual disability.
Keywords Keywords: Refractive error, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, pediatric vision, school screening, visual impairment
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2025
Published On 2025-05-04
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.43573
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9hsfj
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