Development and Validation of Game-Based Learning (GBL) in Kindergarten

Jenerose Opinion Marcelo

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.45064

Development and Validation of Game-Based Learning (GBL) in Kindergarten

Author(s)	Jenerose Opinion Marcelo
Country	Philippines
Abstract	Early literacy development forms the foundation of a child’s academic and communicative abilities, with games serving as a natural medium for acquiring essential reading skills. Among instructional innovations, Game-Based Learning (GBL) has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance early literacy through interactive, engaging, and differentiated activities. While international studies have demonstrated GBL’s positive effects on motivation and cognitive skills, its application in rural, resource-limited settings remains limited. This study utilized a Research and Development (R&D) design guided by the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) to create and validate culturally relevant GBL materials aimed at improving literacy skills among kindergarten pupils in Flora District, Apayao for the school year 2024–2025. The developed materials included Letter and Sound Recognition, Sight Word Bingo, and Phonics Fishing, targeting phonemic awareness, word recognition, and decoding skills. Expert validation results showed mean ratings ranging from 4.41 to 4.63 (Strongly Agree) across instructional competencies, assessment, and readability. The research instrument achieved high content validity, with an S-CVI of 0.94 and a universal agreement score (S-CVI/UA) of 1, surpassing standard benchmarks. Findings confirmed that integrating peer collaboration, visual aids, and adaptable game formats effectively addressed varied learner needs, promoting literacy and engagement in kindergarten. The study recommends incorporating these GBL tools into literacy programs, providing teacher training, and conducting continuous assessment to optimize outcomes. Future research should explore the long-term effects of GBL interventions in diverse early childhood education contexts.
Keywords	Game-Based Learning (GBL), early literacy development, kindergarten education, reading interventions
Field	Sociology > Education
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2025
Published On	2025-05-17
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.45064
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9kf73

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Development and Validation of Game-Based Learning (GBL) in Kindergarten

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