Next-Gen Pneumonia Detection: A Review of Secure AI, CNN Models, and Federated Learning.

Reshma Reddy; Elamathi Natarajan; Shanmuga Priya; Muhammed Asif

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.45905

Next-Gen Pneumonia Detection: A Review of Secure AI, CNN Models, and Federated Learning.

Author(s)	Ms. Reshma Reddy, Prof. Dr. Elamathi Natarajan, Prof. Dr. Shanmuga Priya, Prof. Dr. Muhammed Asif
Country	India
Abstract	Pneumonia is a global health issue, especially affecting children, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as clinical evaluation and chest X-rays, are often limited by human error and a shortage of medical experts. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have emerged as powerful tools to support pneumonia detection. Deep learning techniques, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have shown high accuracy in identifying pneumonia patterns in medical images like chest X-rays and CT scans. However, several challenges limit the widespread adoption of AI in clinical practice. These include limited access to large, high-quality datasets, patient privacy concerns, and data protection regulations like General Data Protection Regulation. To address these issues, Federated Learning (FL) has been intro-duced as a privacy-preserving approach that allows multiple hospitals to collaboratively train AI models without sharing patient data. This approach ensures data security while improving model performance through distributed learning. This review summarizes recent advancements in AI-based pneumonia detection, with a focus on CNN architectures, transfer learning, and FL frameworks. It also discusses key issues related to dataset limitations, model interpretability, and secure data handling. By combining AI with privacy-preserving methods, researchers are moving toward more accurate, scalable, and ethical diagnostic systems. The findings highlight the potential of secure AI technologies to revolutionize pneumonia diagnosis and support better healthcare outcomes globally.
Keywords	Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Pneumonia, Federated Learning (FL).
Field	Computer > Artificial Intelligence / Simulation / Virtual Reality
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2025
Published On	2025-05-24
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.45905
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9mn35

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Next-Gen Pneumonia Detection: A Review of Secure AI, CNN Models, and Federated Learning.

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