Manure and Manuring System as Depicted in Ancient Indian Sources

Dr. Arjun Singh

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.46101

Manure and Manuring System as Depicted in Ancient Indian Sources

Author(s)	Dr. Arjun Singh
Country	India
Abstract	Abstract:-Agriculture was the basis of life in ancient India and was developed in a sustainable manner by maintaining balance with nature. The use of manure at that time was not just a means of maintaining soil fertility but was part of a holistic agricultural philosophy that ensured harmonious use of land, water and the environment. Manure was prepared from sources such as organic waste, animal dung, grass, leaves, crop residues, kitchen waste, and bone meal. The process of its preparation involved placing organic matter in pits and allowing it to rot, creating a fertile and nutrient-rich mixture. Regular application of manure increased the amount of organic matter in the soil, thereby improving its structure and water retention capacity. Crops yielded more by getting more nutrition, and the long-term effect of manure was helpful in maintaining the permanent fertility of the soil. This process also contributed to green manure, in which specific plants, such as green gram, flax, and rice, were planted in the field and allowed to rot, so that they could add nutrients directly to the soil. Although the process of preparing manure was inherently environmentally friendly, it was associated with certain challenges. It took time to produce (3-6 months), and the amount of nutrients was limited, which was slower than chemical fertilizers that gave immediate results. In addition, large-scale production, storage, and transportation of manure were also fraught with difficulties. Despite these problems, the use of organic manure was helpful in keeping the agriculture of the time sustainable and free from environmental damage. This manure system of ancient India is a source of inspiration towards organic farming in modern times. Ancient manure methods provide solutions to current agricultural challenges in the context of climate change, soil erosion and pollution caused by chemical fertilizers. Along with this, this method can also help in biodiversity, land restoration and environmental conservation. Hence, this research area not only gives us an opportunity to combine ancient knowledge with modern science, but also leads to the restoration of an agricultural model that can promote long-term sustainability and environmental balance.
Keywords	Manure, cowdung Shakrit, Karish, Shakan Jeevamrutha, Biodiversity, Krishini, Shatpath Brahman, , Panchamrit, Gosthi ,Goshkrid, Organic Waste, Brihat Samhita, Agni Purana, Krishi Parashar, Mānasollāsa ,Upvan Vinod and Vrikshayurveda
Field	Arts
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2025
Published On	2025-05-28
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.46101
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9mn5s

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Manure and Manuring System as Depicted in Ancient Indian Sources

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