International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary To Dengue: A Case Report

Author(s) Ms. Iarin Sebastian
Country India
Abstract The autoimmune condition known as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is typified by the reactive hyperactivity of histiocytes and cytotoxic T cells, which causes hypertyrosinemia damage to cells and organ systems, ultimately resulting in multiorgan failure. Although there is growing evidence linking the dengue virus to secondary HLH with significant mortality, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is more frequently linked to this condition. It has a serious prognosis when linked to dengue infection and is correlated with the severity of the illness. Moreover, it is frequently misinterpreted as sepsis due to its overlap with dengue sepsis. We present a case of a 1-year-old male patient who had a dengue infection and further developed HLH with pulmonary infiltrates. The patient was admitted with symptoms of fever, nausea and vomiting. The physical examination was significant for Hepatomegaly. Viral serology was positive for Dengue NS1 antigen. Upon further investigation, the patient had hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, transaminitis of hemophagocytosis which are typical indicators of HLH. Treatment was given in the form of antibiotics as the secondary bacterial infections along with other supportive measures. The patient responded positively to the line of management. Dengue associated HLH diagnosis is challenging, but is very important as early diagnosis is associated with better outcomes.
Keywords hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, hyperferritinemia, Hepatomegaly, Dengue
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2025
Published On 2025-06-01
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.46652
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9m2d3
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