A review on urinary tract infection

Sheetal; Sachin Yadav; Soniya Ranawat

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.46917

A review on urinary tract infection

Author(s)	Sheetal, Sachin Yadav, Soniya Ranawat
Country	India
Abstract	Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common infection that affects women at various stages of life, with women experiencing an 8:1 higher rate than males. By the age of 24, one person in three experienced once in their life symptomatic UTI requiring antibiotic treatment. Women make up the bulk of annual doctor visits and are especially vulnerable to UTIs. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, along with certain fungi, can be transmitted through urinary tract infections. Pathogenic Escherichia is the most frequent cause of both simple and complex UTIs. Other common causes include klebsiella pneumoniae, Eter coccus fecal is, group B Streptococcus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida spp. A prevalent UTI pathogen in young women is S. saprophyticus. Fungal UTIs are also becoming more common, especially those brought on by Candida species and, to a lesser degree, Aspergillus species and Cryptococcus neoformans. Recurrent UTIs are defined as more than two symptomatic episodes in a six-month period or more than three symptomatic episodes in a 12-month period. The largest risk factor for recurrent UTIs in young women is the frequency of sexual activity. Risk factors include genetic, age-specific, pregnancy-related, behavioral, vulnerability, and urine catheterization variables. Urine culture, microscopic urinalysis, and dipstick urinalysis are the three primary tests used in laboratory analysis for UTIs. Clinicians can identify UTIs more precisely by adjusting the pretest probability of UTI based on urine dipstick and microscopic urinalysis results. Empirical treatment tends to be successful for women who experience dangerous urine symptoms and a high posttest likelihood; cultural confirmation may not be warranted.
Keywords	Urinary Tract Infection, UTI, Escherichia coli, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Recurrent UTI, Antimicrobial Resistance, Women’s Health, Fungal UTI, Empirical Treatment
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2025
Published On	2025-06-04
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.46917
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9m7jx

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International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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A review on urinary tract infection

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