International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Nutrition Practices in the intensive care unit (OBSERVATIONAL STUDY)

Author(s) Dr. Amine Schahrakane, Dr. Mohamed Amine Haidar, Dr. Tebbaa Hessani, Dr. Soufiane Hansal, Prof. Khaled Khaleq
Country Morocco
Abstract NUTRITION PRACTICES IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (OBSERVATIONAL STUDY)

INTRODUCTION:
Undernutrition results from an imbalance between energy and protein intake and requirements. It is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality, which makes it essential to assess the nutritional status of any patient upon admission in order to determine early on the nutritional management best suited to him.
The aim of this work is the screening of malnourished patients on admission, the nutritional management of patients hospitalized in intensive care units and the prognosis of these patients.
Material and methods
This is a retrospective observational study of 180 cases admitted to the surgical intensive care unit of the IBN ROCHD University Hospital of CASABLANCA, during the period 2023 - 2024.
We studied the clinical, biological and nutritional parameters of all the patients and compared these same parameters between two groups, undernourished and non-denourished.
Results
Among our 180 patients 42% were malnourished on admission; the mean age was 48 years with a male predominance of 75%.
The average length of stay was 14 days.
53% of the patients were sedated and ventilated, 47% of whom were malnourished, compared with 53% of those who were not malnourished
Postoperative management of digestive surgery was the most frequent reason for hospitalization (34%), followed by polytrauma (28%) and head trauma (13%).
The most frequent risk factors for undernutrition were persistent symptoms related to digestive pathology, abdominal pain and vomiting 18%; age over 65 years 17%, diabetes 14%, cancer 13%, sepsis 7%.
For biology: 80% had hypoalbuminemia, 95% had high CRP, 75% had high PCT
The approach was 47% for parenteral nutrition (KTC), 82% for enteral nutrition (95% with SNG, 5% with Stomy)
The type of nutrition most used was exclusive enteral nutrition 43%, mixed 40% and exclusive parenteral 13%.
Albumin transfusion was used in 87% of the malnourished patients versus 13% of the non malnourished.
78% of patients received antibiotic therapy, 59% of whom were malnourished, compared with 41% of those who were not malnourished.
Complications related to nutrition were: digestive in 22% of patients, such as diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, nosocomial infections in 54% of patients, 71% of whom were malnourished and 29% of whom were not malnourished, and hyperglycemia in 34% of cases, 49% of whom were malnourished and 51% of whom were not malnourished
The mortality rate for all pathologies combined was 56%, with a rate of 76% for the undernourished and 24% for the non-denourished.
CONCLUSION
Our results confirm the importance of an adapted nutritional strategy and its primary prognostic role. A good evaluation of the initial nutritional status and an early management allows to reduce considerably the occurrence of undernutrition as well as the associated complications.
Keywords Undernutrition, Intensive care unit, Enteral nutrition, Nutritional status, Nosocomial infection, Albuminemia, Mortality
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2025
Published On 2025-06-13
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.47327
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9qp4n
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