Acoustic behavior of Southern Hill Myna (Gracula indica)

Author(s)	Arunima Lux
Country	India
Abstract	Bird vocalizations are vital for communication, territory defense, and social interactions. This study investigates the acoustic behavior of the Southern Hill Myna (Gracula indica) in Kerala, India, focusing on variations in call structure and frequency using spectrographic analysis. Two distinct call types were identified with significant differences in frequency and duration. Call-1 exhibited higher frequencies and shorter duration, while Call-2 was characterized by lower frequencies and longer duration. These findings suggest functional divergence in vocalization, contributing to the understanding of avian communication and individual call variability in the species.
Keywords	Acoustic behavior, Southern Hill Myna, spectrogram, frequency, Raven Pro, vocalization
Field	Biology
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On	2026-01-31
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i01.48566

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