Analysis Of Prescription Compliance with WHO and ICD Protocols for Emerging, Re-Emerging, Infectious, and Non-Communicable Diseases in Ghana                (A cross-sectional study)

Ibrahim Ibn Saana; Charles Ofei-Palm; Daniel N.A. Ankrah; Isaiah Sagoe; Daniel Amaning Danquah; Olga Awuni; Lawer Lano; Ashong Juliana; Theophilus O. Agyeman

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.49282

Analysis Of Prescription Compliance with WHO and ICD Protocols for Emerging, Re-Emerging, Infectious, and Non-Communicable Diseases in Ghana (A cross-sectional study)

Author(s)	Dr. Ibrahim Ibn Saana, Dr. Charles Ofei-Palm, Dr. Daniel N.A. Ankrah, Mr. Isaiah Sagoe, Dr. Daniel Amaning Danquah, Ms. Olga Awuni, Mr. Lawer Lano, Ms. Ashong Juliana, Mr. Theophilus O. Agyeman
Country	Ghana
Abstract	Background: Worldwide, there is a growing concern about the increasing resistance to antibiotics used to treat common infectious diseases. In the current global crisis of bacterial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship programs are crucial. The impact of prescribing for emerging, reemerging, contagious, and non-communicable diseases on the appropriateness, quality, and quantity of antibiotic use within our hospital settings is of utmost importance for ensuring quality care. Studies have shown that specialist intervention was associated with a significant improvement in the appropriateness and compliance with guidelines and standards of antibiotic prescribing as compared with prescriptions without any specialist input Aim: This paper aims to evaluate compliance with WHO prescribing guidelines for the stated conditions and to assess their ICD adherence. It also analyzes trends in prescriptions received from specialists in the context of emerging, re-emerging, infectious, and non-communicable diseases, highlighting current challenges. Recommendations have been sent to the national TB program for consideration and attention. Methodology: Information about all patients who presented prescriptions at the pharmacy between January 2019 and June 10, 2022, was recorded. Patients’ sociodemographic and prescription histories were retrieved using secondary data from the pharmacy register. A total of 45 non-tuberculous prescriptions were classified into nine disease categories. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data using Stata, by the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, International Classification of Diseases (ICD), and Standard Treatment Guidelines for Prescribing. The results are presented accordingly. Results: Out of the total number of patients seen over the period, 6728 had tuberculous prescriptions while 45 prescriptions (persons) were for non-tuberculous (prescriptions. The median age was 45 years (range,22-83). 71% of males and 29% of females. 4% in the first quarter of 2022. 36% in 2021 and 58% in 20202% of the non-tuberculous prescriptions were received in 2019. Conclusion: 95%, which forms the majority, are non-conforming cases. A smaller portion is conditionally conforming. No diseases were fully conforming, indicating areas for clinical protocol improvement
Keywords	: Emerging infectious disease, WHO Standards, Prescriptions, ICD classifications, non-tuberculosis, Medications
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On	2025-08-06
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.49282
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9whxt

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Analysis Of Prescription Compliance with WHO and ICD Protocols for Emerging, Re-Emerging, Infectious, and Non-Communicable Diseases in Ghana (A cross-sectional study)

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