International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Formalization of Informal Waste Pickers for Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mombasa County, Kenya

Author(s) Mr. Kevin Oduor Murono, Hidetoshi Kitawaki, Toshiya Aramaki, NassoroMwanyalu
Country Japan
Abstract Kenya’s Sustainable Waste Management Policy (2021) envisions a transition toward a circular economy and the adoption of a zero-waste principle to achieve long-term sustainability in the waste management sector. A key strategy within this framework is the formalization of the informal waste sector, particularly waste pickers who collect and sort recyclable materials as a means of livelihood. However, limited empirical data exists on the socio-economic characteristics, challenges, and integration potential of these workers. This study, based at Mwakirunge dumpsite in Mombasa County, examined these aspects to inform inclusive waste governance and support sustainable waste management policy implementation.
A descriptive cross-sectional survey using explanatory mixed methods was conducted in the months of August 2024 and February 2025. Quantitative data were collected from 157 randomly selected waste pickers through structured questionnaires, while qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions with waste pickers, and key informant interviews with the municipality officials and itinerant waste buyers.

The average age of respondents was 36 years, males comprised 59%. Mean years of experience was 10, primarily due to lack of alternative employment (80.77%). The majority lacked formal education (38.22%) and earned less than $4 per day (41.40%). Satisfaction with working conditions was low, with frequent exposure to hazards like airborne pollutants (mean=4.87) and sharp objects (mean=4.89). Tiredness (75%) and occasional diarrhoea (73.72%) were common health issues. Socially, most felt insecure (69.87%), unsupported by the municipality (69.23%), stigmatized (58.97%) and faced violence (52.26%). Economically, they lack cleaning facilities (87.18%), face competition (78.21%), and possess limited pricing control (56.41%). Despite the majority (91.7%) knowing the benefits of using personal protective equipment, almost 70% never used them always. This study found out that majority (91%) expressed readiness to be formalized, with the expectations of increased income (91.1%) and improved working conditions (72.3%). Lack of identification cards by waste pickers was identified as a key barrier to beginning any formalization process. Those who were hesitant (9%) said that they preferred working alone (42.86%).

The findings of this study provide a strong empirical basis for initiating inclusive formalization efforts as part of broader waste management reforms in the county of Mombasa and Kenya as a whole.
Keywords Formalization, Sustainable Solid Waste Management, Informal Waste Pickers, Mwakirunge Dumpsite, Mombasa
Field Sociology
Published In Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On 2025-07-30
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.49577
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9vpkx

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