COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, And Clinical Management

Author(s)	Ms. Priyanka Arun Sawant, Ms. Bushara Hajimiya Shaikh
Country	India
Abstract	By 2024, COVID-19 had mostly become an endemic virus, and like seasonal flu, its control is now integrated into routine public health monitoring. Although the severity has decreased due to vaccination, booster shots, and better treatments, WHO and CDC are keeping a careful eye on the emergence of novel Omicron-derived variants (such as JN.1, XEC, and NB.1.8.1/Nimbus). About 6–7% of individuals worldwide suffer with long-term COVID, which is still a serious problem. Its symptoms include exhaustion, mental fog, and dyspnoea, and it disproportionately affects women, those with disabilities, and those with lower incomes. In terms of the economy, the pandemic revealed disparities in health and vaccination availability while speeding up digital transformation, remote labour, and supply-chain shifts. Despite ongoing global efforts in pandemic preparedness, future health disasters are always a possibility
Keywords	Variants, Endemic transition, Vaccination & boosters, COVID.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On	2025-07-05
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.50045
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9s9f2

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International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research