International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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The Role of Peri-Implant Epigenetics: Emerging Insights into Osseointegration and Peri-Implantitis Susceptibility – A Review

Author(s) Dr. Aakash Chatterjee, Dr. Mrunmayee Atkare
Country India
Abstract Background: Dental implants have revolutionized the rehabilitation of edentulous spaces, but their long-term success is contingent upon effective osseointegration and the prevention of peri-implant diseases. Emerging research highlights the role of epigenetic modifications—heritable, reversible changes in gene expression that occur without alterations in DNA sequence—in modulating these biological outcomes.
Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in osseointegration and peri-implantitis, with emphasis on their clinical relevance, therapeutic potential, and application in precision implantology.
Results: DNA methylation and histone acetylation patterns critically influence the transcription of osteogenic genes such as RUNX2, BMP2, and ALP. Aberrant epigenetic profiles—such as hypomethylation of IL-1β and TNF-α promoters—have been identified in peri-implantitis tissues. Experimental use of HDAC inhibitors and miRNA mimics (e.g., miR-146a) has demonstrated enhanced osseointegration and reduced inflammation in preclinical models. Salivary and GCF-based epigenetic assays show promise as predictive biomarkers.
Conclusion: Epigenetics represents a promising frontier in implant dentistry, offering opportunities for early diagnosis, personalized risk assessment, and targeted therapy. However, clinical translation is still in its infancy. Future research must focus on longitudinal human studies, development of non-invasive diagnostic platforms, and integration with omics technologies to unlock the full potential of epigenetic science in implantology.
Keywords Epigenetics, Dental implants, Osseointegration, Peri-implantitis, DNA methylation, MicroRNA.
Published In Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On 2025-07-05
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.50119
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9s9fg
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