International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Clinical Profile of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Correlation with CT scan and USG Carotid Artery Doppler findings

Author(s) Dr. Nidhin George, Prof. Dr. Anuradha Deuri, Prof. Dr. Marami Das, Dr. Jithin J Chandran
Country India
Abstract Background:
A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, is defined as an abrupt onset of a neurologic deficit that is attributable to a focal vascular cause. Thus, the definition of stroke is clinical, and laboratory studies including brain imaging are used to support the diagnosis. People with carotid artery narrowing are at an increased risk of having a stroke or experiencing another stroke after already having one or a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Carotid artery stenosis can be assessed using noninvasive high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography of the carotid arteries. Carotid ultrasonography combines B- mode ultrasound image with a Doppler ultrasound assessment of blood flow velocity.

Methodology:
A single-center prospective hospital-based observational study was conducted in Guwahati Medical College in the Department of Medicine, Neurology, and Geriatrics for a period of 1 year with a sample size of 150 patients. Data was collected by semi-structured questionnaire, clinical examination, and investigations. All the statistical graphs were prepared using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Microsoft Word 2007. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad InStat version 3.00 for Windows 7.Graphical software, San Diego California USA (www.graphpad.com). P value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:
The results of 150 patients were assessed. The mean age was 54.21 years (SD±12.82) with a sex ratio of 1.2:1. Motor weakness was the most common clinical feature in 72%(n=108) , cranial nerve involvement29.3%(n=44), Speech and language were affected in (n=32) 21.3 % , altered sensorium(n=28 ,18.6 %), ataxia(n=24 ,16 %) and sensory involvement(n=15 ,10 %). Other features like hemianopia and agraphia and acalculia were also present in 3.3 % . Hypertension was the most common risk factor present in 58 %(n=87) followed by diabetes mellitus in (n=58 ,38.6 % )and with diabetes and hypertension in (n=40 ,26.26%). Smoking was present in 32%(n=48) and 44.28%(n=31) of them had stenosis in them. History of transient ischemic attack was present in (n=22 ,14.6 %) . In (n=70 ,46.6%) patients, there is a prevalence of carotid artery stenosis with (22%, n=33) of nonsignificant stenosis(14.6%, n=22)of significant stenosis(50-70% stenosis) ,(70-90% stenosis )significant stenosis category with (8.7% ,n=13) and total occlusion patients of about (1.3% ,n=2) among 150 patients . The most common site of lesion in patients with significant stenosis was MCA(n=31, 83.78%) followed by anterior cerebral artery territory(n=6, 16.21%). Studies showed that the predominance of carotid artery stenosis increased with age.

Conclusion:
The incidence of stroke prevalence increases with age, male sex, diabetes and hypertension, and rheumatic heart disease. The most common clinical feature was unilateral motor weakness of limbs and the most common site of lesion was MCA territory. CT scan brain is useful in detecting the infarct in most of cases. CT scan of the brain may be normal if the CT scan is done within the early time of onset of stroke, in lacunar infarct and in posterior fossa lesions. These cases should be evaluated by MRI brain to detect the lesion. Carotid artery stenosis was present in 46.6 % of acute ischemic stroke patients. There is a significant association between the increase in age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking with carotid artery stenosis.
Keywords CVA,USG DOPPLER, Acute ischemic stroke,CT ,
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On 2025-07-22
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.50379
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9tz24
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