International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Mineral Exploration Process and Technology

Author(s) N. N.SINGH SINGH
Country India
Abstract The mineral exploration process is a dynamic system with a decision-making phase at each stage. The process of modern mineral discovery is characterised by a high element of risk, a lengthy time-span and sustained cash outflow, all of which may result in a zero return if an economic discovery is not made. Any successful exploration campaign must follow a route through genesis-oriented geological models and the application of appropriate exploration technology, which includes commercial and economic judgements at each stage of the process, so that chances of success may be optimized at an acceptable level of risk. The exploration process evolves from a generative stage and results in a) identification of appropriate geological models for mineralization b) identification of geologically conducive target areas c) testing and evaluation of target areas that culminates in discovery of mineral occurrences d) definition and delineation of the occurrence e) development of the deposit.
The application of exploration technology is an important aspect of any exploration program. The use of advanced exploration technology is necessary because we now often work in complex geological settings where discovery of subsurface mineral deposits is commonly based on subtle surface manifestations. Applying the advanced technology effectively may enable exploration of large target areas within restricted budgets. Advancements in exploration technology have progressed especially quickly in countries like Canada and Australia, where an evolved mineral exploration industry has already found the obvious deposits and more specialized techniques are required to detect the increasingly subtle indications of subsurface mineral deposits.
The advancements in Mineral exploration technology are mainly found in the following areas:
• Airborne geophysical surveys: Airborne electro-magnetic systems with advanced configurations both in frequency and time domains. The application of these advances has lead to a considerable increase in the bandwidth of both helicopter-borne FDEM and fixed wing TDEM systems, which has enabled to capture deep-seated EM anomalies.

• Ground geophysical surveys: Significant changes and improvements have occurred in ground electromagnetic (EM) techniques. Regarding the 10 to 100 Hz EM systems that are generally used for mineral prospecting and geologic mapping, improvements have yielded capabilities of detecting large conductive bodies to depths of 500m. Alternatively, smaller, less conductive tabular galena / sphalerite / pyrite bodies, such as the Licheen deposit in Ireland, are detectable to depths of 300m.
Keywords Exploration Process, Mineralization, Geophysical Methods
Published In Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On 2025-07-11
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.50729
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9s9p3
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