Engineering Agricultural Robots for India:  Mechanical Foundations, Contextual Challenges, and a Customised Design Approach

Author(s)	Adit Motiwala
Country	India
Abstract	This research paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of the mechanical and scientific foundations of agricultural robots, highlighting their significance and challenges in the Indian agricultural context. It begins by examining locomotion systems, including wheeled and legged mechanisms. Sensor technologies, including vision systems, GNSS, LiDAR, and environmental sensors, are analyzed in terms of agricultural applicability. The study then explores robotic arms by categorizing them based on function, mechanical configuration, and deployment environment. India's pressing agricultural issues, including labor shortages, land pressure, and youth disengagement, are also discussed. Despite a rapidly growing agri-robotics market, barriers such as affordability, awareness, and infrastructure persist. To address these issues, the paper proposes a conceptual design of an agricultural robot tailored for India, incorporating rugged wheels, solar power, a modular arm, and multilingual interfaces, supported by policy recommendations to facilitate broader adoption.
Keywords	agricultural robotics, sensors, robotic arms, locomotion systems, India, rural technology adoption
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On	2025-07-11
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.50754
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9s9ph

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