International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Volume 7 Issue 4
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INVISIBLE LABOUR AND DIGITAL EXPLOITATION: A CRITICAL LEGAL INQUIRY INTO GIG WORK IN INDIA

Author(s) Ms. prachi sharma, VIRENDER KUMAR NEGI
Country India
Abstract Platforms like Ola, Swiggy, Urban Company, and Zomato have propelled the gig economy's explosive growth in India, generating flexible job options while also masking the insecure and unseen labor that gig workers must perform. Every "delivered in 10 minutes" pledge belies the reality of algorithmic control, unstable economies, and a dearth of legal protections. Using legal, technological, and socioeconomic perspectives, this article critically examines the nature of "invisible labor"—labor that is unpaid, uncompensated, or ignored—in India's gig economy. The study investigates how microtasks like waiting time, app toggling, customer interaction, and order reallocation are crucial but underpaid aspects of gig work using empirical data, platform policies, and labor law frameworks. It examines how mental exhaustion, unstable income, and digital alienation are caused by such invisible labor. The new labor laws in India, especially the 2020 Code on Social Security and its provisions for platform workers, are given special consideration. Through a careful analysis of current case law, secondary evidence including stakeholder interviews, and cross-border comparisons, the study makes the case for gig workers to be reclassified as "employees" with full benefits. Stronger data responsibility from gig platforms, algorithmic transparency, and legal reform are all suggested.
Keywords Gig economy, invisible labour, digital exploitation, Indian labour law, algorithmic control, platform workers, labour rights.
Published In Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On 2025-07-15
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.50967
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9s9t9
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