International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Monitoring and Evaluation Practices of Philippine Schools: Insights from the PISA 2022 Data

Author(s) Mr. Stephan Jade Navarro, Mr. Ruel Bonganciso, Ms. Gemma Gadian
Country Philippines
Abstract Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) are essential for improving educational quality, accountability, and instructional practices. The Department of Education’s Basic Education Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (BEMEF) aims to institutionalize M&E across schools in the Philippines. However, ongoing disparities in student outcomes, as reflected in the 2018 and 2022 PISA assessments, raise concerns about M&E practices. This study examined the M&E profiles of public and private schools using publicly available data from the 2022 PISA School Questionnaire, completed by 188 school heads. Employing causal-comparative and correlational designs, the study examined M&E practices of the schools. Findings show that public schools tend to comply with mandated M&E requirements, while private schools display more initiative in conducting M&E practices. Both sectors report using external evaluations to inform instruction, though private schools apply them more consistently. Chi-square analysis reveals significant differences in initiative-driven practices, with private schools adopting more proactive approaches. Furthermore, correlations indicate that internal evaluations are closely linked to student feedback practices and parent-teacher communication, suggesting that M&E functions can reinforce one another. The study underscores the importance of context-sensitive policies and capacity-building efforts to maximize the impact of M&E on educational outcomes.
Keywords monitoring and evaluation, public and private schools, PISA 2022, BEMEF
Field Sociology > Education
Published In Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On 2025-07-15
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.51039
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9s9tk
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