Development of nuclear energy in India and its challenges in the protection of human rights.

Bhaswati Talukdar

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.52481

Development of nuclear energy in India and its challenges in the protection of human rights.

Author(s)	Ms. Bhaswati Talukdar
Country	India
Abstract	Abstract: The development of nuclear energy in India signifies a critical component of the nation’s energy strategy and its ambition for technological self-reliance. Since the establishment of the Atomic Energy Commission in 1948, India has been working with nuclear power for peaceful purposes, resulting in significant milestones such as the operationalization of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant and advancements in thorium-based energy technologies. However, this advancement has raised complex challenges concerning human rights protection. Key issues comprise the movement of communities due to the construction of nuclear facilities, often accompanied by insufficient rehabilitation and compensation, thereby encroaching on the rights to property and livelihood. Environmental issues and concerns, particularly the safe disposal of nuclear waste, affect the right to a healthy environment under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Furthermore, the lack of clearness in decision-making and suppression of anti-nuclear protests restrict liberty of expression and the right to public involvement. Workers and nearby residents face occupational health risks from radiation exposure, underscoring the need for strict safety protocols. India’s legal framework, administrated by the Atomic Energy Act, 1962, lacks vigorous provisions to address these human rights concerns, while regulatory bodies like the AERB face disapproval for inadequate independence. Balancing energy development with human rights requires a reinforced legal framework, enhanced transparency, fair rehabilitation policies, and emphasis on renewable alternatives. This paper discusses for a rights-based approach to ensure that the benefits of nuclear energy do not compromise the fundamental rights and well-being of individuals and communities.
Keywords	Key words: Nuclear energy, advantages and disadvantages Human rights violation, laws, judicial decisions, recommendations
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On	2025-07-30
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.52481
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9vpmt

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Development of nuclear energy in India and its challenges in the protection of human rights.

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