International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160     Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Call for Paper Volume 7, Issue 4 (July-August 2025) Submit your research before last 3 days of August to publish your research paper in the issue of July-August.

Speech and Language Disorders in Children with Klinefelter Syndrome: A Review Study

Author(s) Ms. Mansi Mahesh Doshi, Mr. Sushant Gupta
Country India
Abstract Klinefelter syndrome is increasingly diagnosed in childhood, with many boys exhibiting speech and language difficulties throughout development. Studies have shown that most children with this syndrome have some communication impairments. Common findings in speech and language assessments include delayed oromotor milestones, notably poor suckling and babbling, as well as persistent articulation and phonological errors. Receptive language generally surpasses expressive vocabulary and grammar, but deficits in syntactic production, word-finding, and auditory memory are typical. Pragmatic impairments—such as challenges with conversational reciprocity, figurative language, and social language use—are also common in children with this syndrome. These issues tend to worsen as academic and social demands increase. Proposed mechanisms include X-linked gene dosage effects on brain development (e.g., neuroligin-neurexin pathways) and early androgen deficiency. A variety of standardized tools—such as Bayley Scales, vocabulary and grammar assessments, and pragmatic checklists—are used to document these challenges. Early markers like hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and delayed first words should prompt genetic evaluation since early speech-language therapy can improve outcomes if delays are detected promptly. This review covers case reports and cohort studies of KS from infancy through adolescence, summarizing phonological, articulatory, expressive and receptive language, and pragmatic profiles; discussing potential neurodevelopmental mechanisms; and highlighting assessment strategies and early intervention options.
Keywords KS: Klinefelter Syndrome
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On 2025-08-03
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.52852
Short DOI https://doi.org/g9vzmr

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