Integrated approach to spring water quality assessment in Himalayan region using water quality index (WQI), geographic information system (GIS) and principal component analysis (PCA)

Author(s)	Ms. Nishtha Naudiyal, Dr. Monika Chhimwal, Mr. Kamal Parihar, Dr. Rajeev Kumar Srivastava
Country	India
Abstract	This study uses geographic information system (GIS) tools to visualise regional differences and water-quality index (WQI) to assess attributes linked to potability of water. Nine physico-chemical parameters were measured in ten spring samples and significant qualitative and geographical heterogeneity is shown in the results. The majority of springs are within desired limits for the selected parameters; however 33% of the total spring samples were found to have high iron concentrations. According to the WQI categorisation, 10% of springs are "very poor," 60% are "poor" and 30% are "good." Water quality issues are highlighted by GIS spatial analysis, especially for EC, TDS and heavy metals. EC, TDS and TH were determined to be the main causes of variations in water quality by principal component analysis (PCA). This study focuses to assist in sustainable management of spring water supplies and also in monitoring and decision and policy-making.
Keywords	spring, water, quality, Uttarakhand, Himalayas
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2025
Published On	2025-08-24
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.54207

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International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research